Laughter Is A Part Of The Envious Human Experience

Laughter is a part of the envious human experience we as beings have. It is undoubtedly one of the things that make living worthwhile. In fact, according to Matthew Hurley and his fellow associates, â€Å"a large portion, in any case, of people’s time is spent attempting to get each other to laugh† (Hurley, Dennett, and Adams Jr.). Laughing has a way of offering relaxation like nothing else does. It has the power to unconsciously change any situation into a good one just as soon as it starts. It definitely has the potential to take over you and there are millions of reasons to laugh. Every laugh is as unique as the individual displaying it, yet the possible benefits remain the same. The effects of laughter has been studied time and time again†¦show more content†¦Although it does not seem as credible, King Solomon, Plato, the ancient greek physicians, and others of great influence all took an interest in what seemed to be an obscure and preposterous idea in the years to come. Not to mention, studies and history both has proven that laughter has risen through mockery in the medical setting, in terms of health and prevention, more than enough times to grab the attention of the medical world permanently. Just as an apple a day will keep the doctor away, laughing for awhile will grant you more days with a smile. Laughter has the ability to give our immune system a much needed boost allowing it to continue fighting off infections and sickness. When we laugh, we send an ok signal that triggers an increase in disease fighting antibodies. This benefits immune function regulation cells, as well as, special cells with the task of seeking out and destroying viral and tumor cells. Neuropeptides and T cells that help fight off infections are also given a boost (Laughter is No Joke!). Laughter may even compare to a proper diet and exercise when it comes to keeping you healthy and disease free. That’s according to Dr. Lee Berk, who has spent nearly three decades studying the ways the aftershocks of a good laugh ripple through your brain and body (Heid). Have you ever been in pain

How Do The Neolithic And Paleolithic Revolutions Differ

Essential Questions: Chapter One Write a response to each of the following questions and / statements. Your responses must be written in complete sentences and should demonstrate an understanding of the course content. 1. How do the Neolithic and Paleolithic Revolutions differ? Ultimately, the Neolithic Revolution advanced society past the basic Paleolithic era, forming a new type of living. The culture introduced in the Neolithic Revolution moved beyond nomadic styles of living and introduced agriculture, which allowed tribes to settle down and form communities. Through the different type of living, new concepts and culture formed: the concept of private property was introduced, which advanced society greatly. 2. What impact does the surplus production of agriculture have on societies? If societies are able to not only create a constant food supply, but also have a surplus of food, it allows them to begin specializing labor onto areas other than farming. The focus may still be on farming however select amounts of people can now specialize on other things like building tools, architecture, science, etc. This creates a tremendous impact because it allows the civilization to advance in areas other than growth. New ideas can make the society more efficient and quickly increase the carrying capacity. 3. What controversy exists over the use of the term civilization? The term civilization has acquired a controversy because of the connotations it has adapted to carry. AShow MoreRelatedPaleolithic vs Neolithic Cc Essay766 Words   |  4 Pages one being the Stone Age. During the Stone Age there were two major subdivisions, the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. The Paleolithic, which lasted until about 10,000 years ago, had a significant separating factor from the Neolithic, ending in 2000 B.C.E. This factor was the way in which the people in these periods acquired food. The Paleolithic people hunted and gathered their food while the Neolithic people produced their own food by agriculture. These two different styles of obtainingRead MoreEarly Expression Of Religious Art1597 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilitate thorough drying and firing. The firing process most likely resembled that used today in Nigeria, in which the pieces are covered with grass, twigs, and leaves and burned for several hours. China Early forms of art in China are from the Neolithic Yangshao culture, which dates back to the 6th millennium BC. Archeological findings have revealed that the Yangshao made pottery; early ceramics were unpainted and most often cord-marked. The first decorations were fish and human faces, but theseRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices? EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION page 23 WHY DID large territorial states arise in ancient China? THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION IN THE AMERICAS page 27 HOW DID agricultureRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Beings2346 Words   |  10 PagesHuman beings have attributes that differ them from other primates †¢ Ex. Better grip because of thumb, high sexual drive, are able to confide in both plants and animals as their source of energy, facial expressions, etc. †¢ Homo Erectus – Came about 500,000 - 750,000 years ago (less apelike; spread throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe) †¢ Homo sapiens sapiens – Of which we are descended from, came to be 120,000 years ago, in Africa. − Ideas improved in the Paleolithic period †¢ Rituals were held and caveRead MoreArchaeology Notes19985 Words   |  80 Pagesextracted from the fossils. A fossil without its context is almost useless because there is no way of assessing how old it is, what kind of environment it lived in, what other animals it might have lived around it. In order to answer the above issues, geology is applied. It is the study of the earth, which allows us to understand the preservation, age, and environment in which fossils are found. HOW TO BECOME A FOSSIL In reality very few living things become fossils. Not only does a minute fraction of living

Market Segmentation Conceptual and Methodological

Question: Discuss about the Market Segmentation for Conceptual and Methodological. Answer: Introduction: Honeywell International, Inc. is a US based conglomerate company, which is operating in a number of markets and with number of service offerings. This particular report is discussing Honeywell Building Solutions and the market and demand situation of the company in Australia. As per the company website, the company is providing solutions to the business and consumers since 1962 (Honeywell 2016). In Honeywell Building Solutions, the company focuses to design, implement and support cost- effective building solutions to the consumers. It provides energy efficiency and security in constructions and communities. As mentioned in the organization website, Smart grid, micro grid and on-site power generation, integrated security, building controls, automation, and management, system service, maintenance and optimization, and smart building are examples of the technologies produced by the HBS business unit (Honeywell 2016). With sustainable, flexible, scalable and long-term solutions, Honeywel l Building Solutions provides increased productivity, reduced operational cost, and safe working environment to the buildings (Honeywell, 2016). The company is globally respected for its dedication to the innovation. According to the last published report, the net income of the company was US$4.768 billion in 2015 (Honeywell, 2016). Consumption patterns: The company serves the building industry worldwide. As mentioned in the company website the organization provides construction solutions to the investors too. Thus, it can easily be speculated that this particular segment of Honeywell is slowly but consistently capturing the market in the construction and Intelligent Building Management Systems market. As opined by Votano and Sunindijo (2014) with the changes in the environmental laws in the construction sector, the demand of the energy efficient grids of the Building Energy Management Systems are gradually increasing. With the changes in the governmental regulation the business of the energy efficient sectors can be fluctuated, but in the modern world of technology and the international growth of the aged population will increase the market share of the company. Market segmentation: Honeywell shares a huge portion in the consumer segment. As mentioned by Hjort et al. (2013) identifying the right potential customers is essential for creating a successful business and increase the profit count. Here, the consumers can be segmented in the following ways: Geographic: The organization is operating in the international market. However, the customers of the urban and commercially developed areas can be cited as the potential customers. Demographic: As mentioned by Wedel and Kamakura (2012) the demographic segmentation focuses on the market division according to the age, gender, income, education, ethnicity, marital status, education, household (or business), size, length of residence, type of residence, profession/Occupation of the customers. Age: The aged people will need smart home equipments. Profession/Occupation: The main customers of the selected company are the building construction companies. However, the general customers from any profession or the business organizations can be the customers of this company. Psychographic: The customers who are environmentally conscious and keeps eye on the safety and security issues can b identified as the potential customers. Moreover, the business owners who are conscious about the legal challenges in the safety, sustainability and the environmental issues will be the target customer of the company. Behavioural: The customers are business houses who are not much price sensitive. However, quality is an issue over here. Moreover, the modern and technology oriented people will love to install these products. Value oriented: The Building energy management system (IBEMS) providers, Investor community, Commercial building automation system (CBAS) vendors Lighting controls manufacturers electronic companies, Commercial real estate (CRE) providers Corporate energy and sustainability executives and the Government agencies will and the solution service of the selected company (Biswas 2014). Buying pattern: If the buying pattern of the customers can be examined it can be noted that the organizations mainly creates strategic alliance to the company. As mentioned by Khalfan et al. (2015) in the IBMS market, the construction houses make deals to the IBMS companies for the installation of building solution equipments for their construction projects. On the other hand, direct deals are also done with the customers for the installation of the security systems and other offerings. As mentioned by Kibert (2016) the political and legal scenario of the country as well as the international market, the installation of the security equipments and the energy efficient grids are one of the major legal regulations in the construction companies. Hence, as opined by McGeorge and Zou (2012) it can be stated that the decision-making unit for the purchase of the product offerings of the company is the industry itself. While buying the products of Honeywell Building Solutions, the customers can switch for alternatives. As mentioned by Azzi et al. (2015) the company has number of competitors which can serve as the alternates for the company. Here, the name of the General Electric, Johnson Controls and BAE Systems can be mentioned. Moreover, in the process of buying the product offering the customers can examine the alternates like quality, price, brand name and many more. The company website can be served as the information source for the customers. Moreover, the advertisements, neighbors, word of mouth can be served as the source of information. Finally, the price, quality and the existing knowledge i.e. the brand name will influence the buying pattern of the customers in this market. Environmental Impacts on Demand: The macro environmental factors are one of the major variables that have a hug influence on the demand pattern. For identifying, the environmental impacts on the demand a PESTL analysis can b done. As mentioned by Kolios, and Read (2013) a PSTLE analysis provides a clear picture about the political, social, technological and economic trend in a certain market that is being influential in the operation of the organization. Political: With the integration to the Kiyoto protocol, Australia and many other countries are now creating laws regarding the installation of Building Energy Management Systems within the construction projects. The government is providing legal incentives to the organizations which compiling to the norms. Economic: The economic slowdown in the international as well as the domestic market has affected the construction industry in Australia. However, as mentioned by Votano and Sunindijo (2014) the economy of the country is strong and the strong FDI flow is enriching the construction market. Social: As mentioned by Biswas (2014) the growth of population in the last decade, has expanded the market potential for the construction company. It is being helpful in creating demand for the solution offering of the selected company. Moreover, as opined by Azzi et al. (2015) the consistent growth of urbanization and the aging population is crating demand for the smart buildings. Technological: With the recent innovation and improvement in the technologies used in the construction industries, the companies are now able to provide energy efficient buildings to the customers. As mentioned by Khalfan t al. (2015) the new trend of BEMS or the Building Energy Management Systems in the contraction industry of developed countries like Australia and Japan, the company is now on the verge of experiencing a huge level of success in those markets. Legal: As opined by Hojjati and Khodakarami (2016) with the increased concern for the environmental issues the countries like Australia is creating laws which are making it obligatory for the construction companies to install energy efficient solutions to their buildings. Moreover, as described by Kibert (2016) the Australian government has strict laws regarding the employee safety. Hence, it is crating demand for the safety solutions of the selected company. Porters five forces: As described by E. Dobbs (2014) Porters five forces model examines the competitive rivalry and the companys position in the market. With the variables like Consumers bargaining power, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of Substitutes, threat to new entrants and the competitive rivalry in the existing market, the competitive situation can be analyzed. Here, in this report the consumers bargaining power has been discussed with the aim of exploring the buyers power in the market. The Bargaining Power of Customers: As the company is operating in providing green and energy efficient solutions to the construction houses and the investors, the bargaining power of the consumers can be detected as low. With the increased regulation in the construction markets for the installation and management of energy efficient power grids and other equipments, the customers the gradually being dependent on the service offering of the company (Asadullah and Celik 2016). Moreover, the Australian government has strict rules for the companies to provide safe and secure working environment to the employees. It has pushed the business organizations to install security management equipments. Thus, it can be claimed that the products of the company is important for the customers and they cannot ignore the offerings of the company. Blue ocean strategy: The blue ocean strategy talks about creating new market and demand for obtaining competitive advantage. As opined by Kim and Mauborgne (2014) for formulating a blue ocean strategy it is needed to reconstruct the market boundaries by the company. To achieve this goal, the companies can use six different paths like, looking across the alternative industry, looking across the strategic groups within industries, looking across the chain of buyers, looking across the complimentary products and the service offerings, looking across the functional and emotional appeal and looking across the time. Here, to discuss the demand conditions, the writer has discussed the third, fourth and fifth paths for reconstruction of the market boundaries. Buyer Group: In the context of the market, in which the selected company is operating, the chain of buyers are two to three stags. As mentioned by Yamagata and Seya (2013) in the building solutions market, the chain of buyers starts from influencers to purchasers to users. As per the company report, the organization is now focusing mainly on the purchasers. As the company deals with the construction companies to provide building solutions, it mainly focuses on the purchasers (Honeywell, 2016). However, in few cases, the company interacts with the influencers like the investor group or the users like the individual customers. As mentioned by Hojjati and Khodakarami (2016) shifting from purchaser to buyer will create brand value but it will not be much profitable for the company, as it will not collect a significant number of businesses. However, if the organization focuses on the influencers like the investor groups of the official bodies and corporate sustainable officers, it will be profitable t o the company. Complementary Product: The product offerings of the company are being used in the buildings for energy efficient, security and sustainability solutions. The pain of the customers can be identified as reducing the operation cost, increasing the employee outcome and improving building efficiency. By reducing the price and products that will be IoT (Internet of Things) based, the efficiency will be increased and cost will be reduced. Functional-emotional orientation: The company is now operating in the functional sector. The organization offering does not have an emotional appeal too the customers. Hence, it is needed for the company to compete on the emotional field. With the functionality, the organization needs to make the customers feel that the products will keep their employees and families safe. They need to feel that with the products they will be able to avoid the legal constrains (Hojjati and Khodakarami 2016). The three tiers of non-customers: Here, the soon-to-be non-customers are the influencers. They will try to eliminate the purchaser and deal with the company for cost benefit. The refusing customers are the ones who try to avoid the smart technologies in their buildings (Hjort et al. 2013). With advertisements, they can be attracted to the brand and finally the non-customers are the potential buyers in the rural sector. By lowering down the price and advertisements this group can be attracted. Buyer Utility: To create buyer utility, the organization will make the offerings simple and user friendly. The products will provide convenience that was not experienced by the customer before, like the IoT management (Yamagata and Seya 2013). With innovative power usage, technique the risk can be reduced. The company can also opt for colourful devices. Last but most essentially, the energy saving characteristics of the devices will create a hug buyer utility. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the recent macro environmental trend is helping the company to retain this place in the Australian market. Moreover, it can be speculated that by obtaining a blue ocean strategy the company will be successful in the new market as the offerings of the company is a requirement for both the users and the influencers. In the coming future the company can experience a good growth as the construction industry seeking to obtain strategies for energy conservation and cost reduction. References: Asadullah, M. and Celik, A.R., 2016. An Effective Approach to Build Smart Building Based on Internet of Things (IoT). Azzi, M., Duc, H. and Ha, Q.P., 2015. Toward sustainable energy usage in the power generation and construction sectorsa case study of Australia.Automation in Construction,59, pp.122-127. Biswas, W.K., 2014. Carbon footprint and embodied energy assessment of a civil works program in a residential estate of Western Australia.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,19(4), pp.732-744. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Hjort, K., Lantz, B., Ericsson, D. and Gattorna, J., 2013. Customer segmentation based on buying and returning behaviour.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(10), pp.852-865. Hojjati, S.N. and Khodakarami, M., 2016. Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Smart Buildings Using the Technology Acceptance Model.International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications,7(6), p.2936. Honeywell. 2016.Honeywell. [online] Available at: https://www.honeywell.com/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Khalfan, M., Noor, M.A., Maqsood, T., Alshanbri, N. and Sagoo, A., 2015. Perceptions towards Sustainable Construction amongst Construction Contractors in State of Victoria, Australia'.Journal of Economics, Business and Management,3(10), pp.940-947. Kibert, C.J., 2016.Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley Sons. Kim, W.C. and Mauborgne, R., 2014.Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Harvard Business Review Press. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Leeland, S., Shen, P., Holaso, A., Helzer, E., Clinger, K., Lalli, M., Frost, R.C., Kong, S., Gustafsson, N. and Baranauskas, J.M., Honeywell International Inc., 2015.Building control device. U.S. Patent D743,349. McGeorge, D. and Zou, P.X., 2012.Construction management: New directions. John Wiley Sons. Votano, S. and Sunindijo, R.Y., 2014. Client safety roles in small and medium construction projects in Australia.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,140(9), p.04014045. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Yamagata, Y. and Seya, H., 2013. Simulating a future smart city: An integrated land use-energy model.Applied Energy,112, pp.1466-1474.

The Growing Threat Of Computer Crime Essays - Cybercrime

The Growing Threat Of Computer Crime Running head: THE GROWING THREAT OF COMPUTER CRIME The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Diana Ritter Baker College of Cadillac May 9, 2001 Abstract Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the arrival of personal computers to manipulate information and access computers by telephone, increasing numbers of crimes--electronic trespassing, copyrighted-information piracy, vandalism--have been committed by computer hobbyists, known as hackers, who display a high level of technical expertise. For many years, the term hacker defined someone who was a wizard with computers and programming. It was a challenge to all hackers, and an honor to be considered a hacker. But when a few hackers began to use their skills to break into private computer systems and steal money, or interfere with the syst em's operations, the word acquired its current negative meaning. With the growing use of computers and the increase in computer crimes, early detection, deterring computer crimes, and new laws regulating and punishing these computer crimes are necessary. Without it, chaos will be the end result. The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Do you think your companys computer systems are secure? Think again. Billions of dollars in losses have already been discovered due to computer crimes. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions more will be stolen, most without detection, by the emerging master criminal of the twenty first century --The computer crime offender. Whats worse yet is that anyone with a computer can become a computer criminal. Crimes such as embezzlement, fraud and money laundering are not new. However, each of these crimes now has a new partner in crime-the computer. Crimes that have become unique due to the availability and widespread use of computers include: a. unauthorized use, access, modification, copying, and destruction of software or data; b. theft of money by altering computer records of theft of computer time; c. theft or destruction of hardware; d. use or conspiracy to use computer resources to commit a felony; e. intent to obtain information or tangible property, illegally through use of the computer. (Fraud Survey Results, 1993) Although incidents in this second category of crimes do present a serious problem, embezzlement is by far the major threat to small businesses. This is evident by the frequency of reports in the local media. Cash is the most vulnerable asset as it is the easiest for the perpetrator to convert to personal use. Firms most vulnerable to theft of money are firms that must rely on one individual to perform the duties of office manager and bookkeeper. Having more than one employee in the office provides an opportunity to effect certain internal controls, particularly separation of duties. Small business owners should review their insurance coverage for employee dishonesty. While there are no standards to determine precisely the amount of coverage necessary, the marginal cost of adding an extra $1,000 of coverage decreases as the coverage increases. A business owner should consult with an insurance agent and err on the side of caution, just to be safe. Although theft of money is a major subject when speaking of computer crime, there are also many other areas to be concerned about. Some of the computer crimes for the 21st century will include: Communication crimes (cellular theft and telephone fraud). Low-tech thieves in airports and bus terminals use binoculars to steal calling card access numbers. Thieves will park their vans along busy interstate highways and use specialized equipment to steal cellular telephone access codes from the air. This is just the tip of the iceberg. Business. Most banking today is done by electronic impulse. Therefore, access to business computers equals access to money (and lots of it). Convicted computer hacker, John Lee, a founder of the infamous Masters of Deception hacker group stated that he could change credit card records and bank balances, get free limousines, airplane tickets, and hotel rooms (without anyone being billed), change utility and rent rates, distribute computer software programs free to all over the internet, and easily obtain

Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essays

Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essays Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essay Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essay TECHNICAL REPORT OF STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME(SIWES) WITH ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL(AMAC)ABUJA PESENTED BY ADEYEMI ISAAC SHOLA UJ/2008/EV/0222 SUBMMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OFGEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,UNIVERSITY OF JOS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. Sc Hons)DEGREE PROGRAMME IN GEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING. NOVEMBER, 2012. DEDICATION This report is dedicated to God Almighty my creator. To my parents, Mr. Mrs. ADEYEMI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude goes to God almighty for his guidance and grace given to me throughout my six month industrial training. I remain grateful to my parents for their effort and support towards my education. My gratitude also goes to my departmental supervisors Mrs. L. S Rikko and Mrs. Simi, for setting out time to come and see us in our place of primary assignment. I want to thank my industrial based supervisor Mr. Ali Adamu and the entire staff of the zonal planning office for their assistance. Much gratitude goes to my head of department and to all the staff of the department of geography and planning, university of Jos. Finally, I want to say thank you to all my friends who have been of great encouragement to me throughout this period, I remain grateful. ABSTRACT The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a program which has been organized by the federal government through the industrial training und (ITF) for Nigeria institutions in order to enlighten the students on the usage of equipment and professional practice in their different fields of study. In fulfillment of my study as a geography and planning students, I carried out my six month industrial training in the survey and planning unit office Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), located at area 10 Garki, Abuja. This report comprises of the organization chart of Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA), urban and regi onal planning department and also Abuja Municipal Area Council(AMAC). his report also contains the functions of the zonal planning office, functions of the urban and regional planning department and also the activities I participated in and experiences I gained. Some of the problems encountered during the exercise and possible solutions, were not left out. In conclusion I recommended ways of improving the program and also support of the program by the federal government. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Industrial Training Fund 1. Brief History of SIWES 1. 3 Objectives of SIWES 1. 4 Relevance of SIWES to Urban and Regional Planning CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme is a program which involves the students, the universities and the industry. The siwes forms a part of the approved minimum academic standards in various degree program in Nigerian universities. The scheme is funde d by the Federal Government of Nigeria and is coordinated by the Industrial Training Fund and the National Universities Commission (NUC 1996). The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme, bridges the gap between theory and practice and also it is aimed at exposing students to machines and equipments, professional work methods and ways of safe guarding work areas and organizations. This report contains the work undertaken, new knowledge learnt and problems encountered by the student during the six months industrial training in zonal planning office Abuja municipal area council located at area 10 Garki, Abuja. Solution to the problem are also included. 1. 1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINNING FUND(ITF) The industrial training fund was established in 1971 as a man power development agency for the federal government of Nigeria. The provision of decree 47 of 8th October 1971,empower industrial training fund (ITF) to promote and encourage the acquisition of skills in industry and co mmerce with a view to generate pool of indigenous trained manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the Nigeria economy. A clause was invented by the ITF in 1978 in the policy statement no. 1 dealing with issues of practical skills among locally trained professionals. Selection 15 of the policy, states that internal emphasis will be place on certain product of post-secondary to adopt or orientate easily on their possible post-graduation for environment. 1. 2 BRIEF HISTORY OF STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME(SIWES) The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) came into being with the establishment of industrial training fund (ITF) by the federal government of Nigeria in 1973 under the degree of 47 of 1971 in other to boost indigenous capacity of the nation’s industrial need. This was brought about by the federal ministry of commerce and industries, finance, education in collaboration with NUC and board of technical education (NUBTE) who thought that the main aim of training and exposing students to industrial fields is to give them practical knowledge of what they have been thought in their respective courses. The first started on the 8th of October 1974 with few number of students from different institutions which later increased to a large number of students in tertiary institutions nationwide. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES To provide an avenue for students in Nigeria Universities to acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study. 2 To prepare students on anticipated working situations after graduation. 3 To expose students to working methods and techniques in handling equipments and machinery that are not available in their various institution. 4 It enhances students contacts for later job placement. 1. 4 RELEVANCE OF SIWES TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Planning is not complete until the job carried out on paper is transferred to the ground. his program gives students the opportunity of seeing work design on paper presented and transferred on ground. it also help in promoting social interaction and appreciating planning in practice and administration and relating with other allied professionals in planning. 1. 5 HISTORY OF FEDERAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Federal capital development authority (FCDA) is parastatals under the federal capital territory administration (FCTA) charged with the responsibility of building and developing the federal capital territory. Federal capital development authority (FCDA) was established in April 1976 by degree No 6 of 1976. Federal capital development authority comprises of 10 departments namely: Abuja metropolitan management council (AMMC), Engineering, survey and mapping, resettlement and compensation, finance and administration, mass housing, satellite town infrastructure, urban and regional planning, public building and procurement department. (chart of FCDA). 1. 6 HISTORY OF ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL The evolution of Abuja Municipal area council could be trace to its creation as development area on the 1st of October 1984. in 1987, on the recommendation of the Ahmadu Bello University consultancy group it assumed the full status of local Government (area council). The area council secretariat has different departments such as health, works department, legal department, revenue, Abuja environmental protection board. Location/population Abuja municipal area council is located on the eastern wing of the federal capital territory. t is bounded on the east by Nasarawa state,on the west by kuje area council , North- west by Gwagwalada and on the North by Bwari area council. The last demographic report by the national population commission indicated that the population of the area council stood at 309,306. However it is important to note that the population figure may double this number as the area council is daily experiencing influx of people. The people Abuja municipal area council ha s the following ethnic groups: gbagyi, gwandara,koro, gade. he main gbagyi settlements in amac include the following:karu, nyanya, durumi,garki, keffi,kabasa, mabushi, jabi, lugbe, idu, toge, hulumi, pyakasa, jikwoyi, kuduru, orozo, maitama and asokoro areas. the gwandara people can be found in places like karshi, jiwa, awagwa, karmo and idu. The area council besides the city caters for the needs of over 49 communities each presided by village heads. Besides that, the area council has twelve political wards namely:City centre, Wuse,Gwarinpa, Garki, Kabusa, Gui, Gwagwa karshi, Orozo, Karu and Nyanya. (org chart of AMAC). CHAPTER TWO This chapter consist of basically the administrative work, assingment, fieldwork and lectures recived during the cause of my industrial training at Abuja Municipal Area Council. 2. 0 ADMINSTRATIVE WORK/ASSINGMENTS RECORDING OF INCOMING AND OUTGOING FILES: This is as a result of a complaint been brought to the planning office, in most cases it is a problem of encroachment. This complaint is been filed and taken to the planning and survey unit. My supervisor gives me this file to record into a booklet the file number, the date it was filed, the nature of the complaint. An outgoing file is a file I record which have already been treated. CONFIRMATION OF PLOT NUMBERS ON LAYOUTS: This is an exercise given to me by my supervisor. This entails the checking out of the plot numbers on a specific layout to confirm whether the plot exist in the layout and also to verify the total number of plots on a some layout which includes Apo extension II, Jikoyi village Intergration layout. ASSINGMENTS Some assingments were given to me by my supervisor which I carried out. This assingments includes; defination and type of scales and difference between geography and planning and urban and regional planning. DEFINATION OF SCALE: A scale can be defined as the ratio between the distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the earth surface. TYPES OF SCALES Representative Fraction: This type of scale is a fraction that expresses the mathematical relationship between map and the land such as 1:50,000 which is 1 map unit is equal to 50,000 units. Statement Scale: This is represented in form of a statement that a given distance on the earth equals a given measure on the chart or vice versa. Example 2cm represents 1km. Linear Scale: this shows directly on the map and the corresponding grounddistance.

The Difference Between Shade and Shadow

The Difference Between Shade and Shadow The Difference Between Shade and Shadow The Difference Between Shade and Shadow By Maeve Maddox Øystein Sveum Moen poses an interesting question about shade and shadow: I constantly end up in discussions whether somethings in the shade or shadow. Is there a clear definition of the difference between these two? Where I come from (Norway) we have a single word covering all forms of light blocking darkness. Both shade and shadow come from the same Old English word sceadu, shade, shadow, darkness. The general definitions given for both words are almost identical in the OED: shadow:  I. Comparative darkness.  1. a. Comparative darkness, esp. that caused by interception of light; a tract of partial darkness produced by a body intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary. shade: I. Comparative darkness. 1 a. Partial or comparative darkness; absence of complete illumination; esp. the comparative darkness caused by a more or less opaque object intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary. Both words have numerous uses. For example, shade can mean the ghost or spirit of someone dead. Capitalized, Shadow is a term given by Carl Jung to the aspect of the human personality formed by fears and unpleasant emotions. The OED entries for shade and shadow include about 40 different definitions for each of the words. Used in the sense of comparative darkness, the words are sometimes, but not always interchangeable. Shade is what one seeks on a hot sunny day. We sit or walk in the shade. Plants that do well in the shade are called shade-loving plants. Shadow usually refers to a shape cast by an object that blocks the sun. A person casts a shadow in the shape of the human body. Figuratively, however, one might say that a younger brother lives under the shadow or in the shade of an older brother. Both words have emotional connotations. To those of us who live in hot climates, shade has pleasant and soothing associations. Shadow is evocative of something mysterious or threatening, especially in the plural. Stalkers lurk in the shadows. As the sun sets, evening shadows fall, concealing what was formerly visible and making the ordinary strange. Addressing the difference between shade and shadow in Modern English Usage, H.W. Fowler concludes that shadow is to shade as pool is to water. He points out that shady means full of shade, but shadowy like a shadow. Shade, therefore, denotes a general state, while shadow implies a shape. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know50 Latin Phrases You Should Know12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions

Industry Analysis of Telecom Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industry Analysis of Telecom Industry - Essay Example According to the US Wireless Communication Association, 3.6 million jobs are directly or indirectly dependent on the US wireless telecommunications industry. Verizon Wireless owns and operates majority of US wireless network. It is a joint venture of Verizon Communications and Vodafone headquartered in NJ, Verizon. Verizon wireless deals in wireless voice and data services. Verizon has built the nation's first wide-area wireless broadband network and it also delivered the nation's first wireless consumer 3G-multimedia service. It has a broad consumer base. The company generated about US$ 75.11 billion in 2005 in net revenue, with revenue net per share of 27.155. The company quarterly growth is healthy and increased by 5.8 percent in 2005 as it increased its gross profit by 49.64 percent. The total cash flow was $22 billion; further detail can be seen in the table below. Verizon business model focuses on creating value and driving earning and growth. It has proved itself by generating stable margin, solid returns and stable financial performance. The company has extensive connections in the business and government sector and relies on them to generate revenue. The company has targeted costs of $890 million in 2006 to install a fiber optic network, which will be capable of providing Verizon's advanced FiOS data and video services. An AT &T Wirless service was the third largest wireless telephone carrier US. In October 2004, AT&T wireless completed its merger with Cingular to become the largest wireless carrier in the United States. Under the agreement, only the Cingular brand would survive. On November 16, 2004, every single AT&T Wireless store was re-christened under the Cingular banner. It is now renamed as AT&T Inc. The company is based in San Antonio, Texas and formed recently in 2005 by SBC Communications. The company net revenue for year 2005 reached $43.86 billion, with revenue per share 13.023, while the quarterly growth in 2005 remained 26 percent. The company total gross profit reached $24.67 billion. The total operating cash remained at $12.66 billion; further detail can be seen in the table below. Source: Yahoo Finance Business Model In 1907, AT&T president Theodore Vail did not keep it a secret, but made it goal to attain the status of monopolist, which he named as "One Policy, One System, and Universal Service." At the time AT&T started to purchase competitors and retained its monopoly till 1970, but the rise of cheap microwave communications opened opportunity for other competitors. However its monopoly was broken and it was bought over by rivals Verizon, currently it is surviving through mergers. III) T-Mobile T-Mobile is group of mobile phone corporate subsidiaries (under the ownership of Deutsche Telekom), which operates major GMS networks in Europe and US. T-Mobile has about 109 million subscribers, which makes it the world's 3rd largest mobile phone service provider. T-mobile is present in eight European countries (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Great Britain, Netherlands, Slovakia) and USA. T-Mobile USA is the fourth-largest wireless carrier in the U.S. market with 21.7 million customers. In 2004, T-Mobile was able to generate revenue of $9366 million and able to grow at the rate of 12 percent a year. Further detail can