Laughter Is A Part Of The Envious Human Experience

Laughter is a part of the envious human experience we as beings have. It is undoubtedly one of the things that make living worthwhile. In fact, according to Matthew Hurley and his fellow associates, â€Å"a large portion, in any case, of people’s time is spent attempting to get each other to laugh† (Hurley, Dennett, and Adams Jr.). Laughing has a way of offering relaxation like nothing else does. It has the power to unconsciously change any situation into a good one just as soon as it starts. It definitely has the potential to take over you and there are millions of reasons to laugh. Every laugh is as unique as the individual displaying it, yet the possible benefits remain the same. The effects of laughter has been studied time and time again†¦show more content†¦Although it does not seem as credible, King Solomon, Plato, the ancient greek physicians, and others of great influence all took an interest in what seemed to be an obscure and preposterous idea in the years to come. Not to mention, studies and history both has proven that laughter has risen through mockery in the medical setting, in terms of health and prevention, more than enough times to grab the attention of the medical world permanently. Just as an apple a day will keep the doctor away, laughing for awhile will grant you more days with a smile. Laughter has the ability to give our immune system a much needed boost allowing it to continue fighting off infections and sickness. When we laugh, we send an ok signal that triggers an increase in disease fighting antibodies. This benefits immune function regulation cells, as well as, special cells with the task of seeking out and destroying viral and tumor cells. Neuropeptides and T cells that help fight off infections are also given a boost (Laughter is No Joke!). Laughter may even compare to a proper diet and exercise when it comes to keeping you healthy and disease free. That’s according to Dr. Lee Berk, who has spent nearly three decades studying the ways the aftershocks of a good laugh ripple through your brain and body (Heid). Have you ever been in pain

How Do The Neolithic And Paleolithic Revolutions Differ

Essential Questions: Chapter One Write a response to each of the following questions and / statements. Your responses must be written in complete sentences and should demonstrate an understanding of the course content. 1. How do the Neolithic and Paleolithic Revolutions differ? Ultimately, the Neolithic Revolution advanced society past the basic Paleolithic era, forming a new type of living. The culture introduced in the Neolithic Revolution moved beyond nomadic styles of living and introduced agriculture, which allowed tribes to settle down and form communities. Through the different type of living, new concepts and culture formed: the concept of private property was introduced, which advanced society greatly. 2. What impact does the surplus production of agriculture have on societies? If societies are able to not only create a constant food supply, but also have a surplus of food, it allows them to begin specializing labor onto areas other than farming. The focus may still be on farming however select amounts of people can now specialize on other things like building tools, architecture, science, etc. This creates a tremendous impact because it allows the civilization to advance in areas other than growth. New ideas can make the society more efficient and quickly increase the carrying capacity. 3. What controversy exists over the use of the term civilization? The term civilization has acquired a controversy because of the connotations it has adapted to carry. AShow MoreRelatedPaleolithic vs Neolithic Cc Essay766 Words   |  4 Pages one being the Stone Age. During the Stone Age there were two major subdivisions, the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. The Paleolithic, which lasted until about 10,000 years ago, had a significant separating factor from the Neolithic, ending in 2000 B.C.E. This factor was the way in which the people in these periods acquired food. The Paleolithic people hunted and gathered their food while the Neolithic people produced their own food by agriculture. These two different styles of obtainingRead MoreEarly Expression Of Religious Art1597 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilitate thorough drying and firing. The firing process most likely resembled that used today in Nigeria, in which the pieces are covered with grass, twigs, and leaves and burned for several hours. China Early forms of art in China are from the Neolithic Yangshao culture, which dates back to the 6th millennium BC. Archeological findings have revealed that the Yangshao made pottery; early ceramics were unpainted and most often cord-marked. The first decorations were fish and human faces, but theseRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices? EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION page 23 WHY DID large territorial states arise in ancient China? THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION IN THE AMERICAS page 27 HOW DID agricultureRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Beings2346 Words   |  10 PagesHuman beings have attributes that differ them from other primates †¢ Ex. Better grip because of thumb, high sexual drive, are able to confide in both plants and animals as their source of energy, facial expressions, etc. †¢ Homo Erectus – Came about 500,000 - 750,000 years ago (less apelike; spread throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe) †¢ Homo sapiens sapiens – Of which we are descended from, came to be 120,000 years ago, in Africa. − Ideas improved in the Paleolithic period †¢ Rituals were held and caveRead MoreArchaeology Notes19985 Words   |  80 Pagesextracted from the fossils. A fossil without its context is almost useless because there is no way of assessing how old it is, what kind of environment it lived in, what other animals it might have lived around it. In order to answer the above issues, geology is applied. It is the study of the earth, which allows us to understand the preservation, age, and environment in which fossils are found. HOW TO BECOME A FOSSIL In reality very few living things become fossils. Not only does a minute fraction of living

Market Segmentation Conceptual and Methodological

Question: Discuss about the Market Segmentation for Conceptual and Methodological. Answer: Introduction: Honeywell International, Inc. is a US based conglomerate company, which is operating in a number of markets and with number of service offerings. This particular report is discussing Honeywell Building Solutions and the market and demand situation of the company in Australia. As per the company website, the company is providing solutions to the business and consumers since 1962 (Honeywell 2016). In Honeywell Building Solutions, the company focuses to design, implement and support cost- effective building solutions to the consumers. It provides energy efficiency and security in constructions and communities. As mentioned in the organization website, Smart grid, micro grid and on-site power generation, integrated security, building controls, automation, and management, system service, maintenance and optimization, and smart building are examples of the technologies produced by the HBS business unit (Honeywell 2016). With sustainable, flexible, scalable and long-term solutions, Honeywel l Building Solutions provides increased productivity, reduced operational cost, and safe working environment to the buildings (Honeywell, 2016). The company is globally respected for its dedication to the innovation. According to the last published report, the net income of the company was US$4.768 billion in 2015 (Honeywell, 2016). Consumption patterns: The company serves the building industry worldwide. As mentioned in the company website the organization provides construction solutions to the investors too. Thus, it can easily be speculated that this particular segment of Honeywell is slowly but consistently capturing the market in the construction and Intelligent Building Management Systems market. As opined by Votano and Sunindijo (2014) with the changes in the environmental laws in the construction sector, the demand of the energy efficient grids of the Building Energy Management Systems are gradually increasing. With the changes in the governmental regulation the business of the energy efficient sectors can be fluctuated, but in the modern world of technology and the international growth of the aged population will increase the market share of the company. Market segmentation: Honeywell shares a huge portion in the consumer segment. As mentioned by Hjort et al. (2013) identifying the right potential customers is essential for creating a successful business and increase the profit count. Here, the consumers can be segmented in the following ways: Geographic: The organization is operating in the international market. However, the customers of the urban and commercially developed areas can be cited as the potential customers. Demographic: As mentioned by Wedel and Kamakura (2012) the demographic segmentation focuses on the market division according to the age, gender, income, education, ethnicity, marital status, education, household (or business), size, length of residence, type of residence, profession/Occupation of the customers. Age: The aged people will need smart home equipments. Profession/Occupation: The main customers of the selected company are the building construction companies. However, the general customers from any profession or the business organizations can be the customers of this company. Psychographic: The customers who are environmentally conscious and keeps eye on the safety and security issues can b identified as the potential customers. Moreover, the business owners who are conscious about the legal challenges in the safety, sustainability and the environmental issues will be the target customer of the company. Behavioural: The customers are business houses who are not much price sensitive. However, quality is an issue over here. Moreover, the modern and technology oriented people will love to install these products. Value oriented: The Building energy management system (IBEMS) providers, Investor community, Commercial building automation system (CBAS) vendors Lighting controls manufacturers electronic companies, Commercial real estate (CRE) providers Corporate energy and sustainability executives and the Government agencies will and the solution service of the selected company (Biswas 2014). Buying pattern: If the buying pattern of the customers can be examined it can be noted that the organizations mainly creates strategic alliance to the company. As mentioned by Khalfan et al. (2015) in the IBMS market, the construction houses make deals to the IBMS companies for the installation of building solution equipments for their construction projects. On the other hand, direct deals are also done with the customers for the installation of the security systems and other offerings. As mentioned by Kibert (2016) the political and legal scenario of the country as well as the international market, the installation of the security equipments and the energy efficient grids are one of the major legal regulations in the construction companies. Hence, as opined by McGeorge and Zou (2012) it can be stated that the decision-making unit for the purchase of the product offerings of the company is the industry itself. While buying the products of Honeywell Building Solutions, the customers can switch for alternatives. As mentioned by Azzi et al. (2015) the company has number of competitors which can serve as the alternates for the company. Here, the name of the General Electric, Johnson Controls and BAE Systems can be mentioned. Moreover, in the process of buying the product offering the customers can examine the alternates like quality, price, brand name and many more. The company website can be served as the information source for the customers. Moreover, the advertisements, neighbors, word of mouth can be served as the source of information. Finally, the price, quality and the existing knowledge i.e. the brand name will influence the buying pattern of the customers in this market. Environmental Impacts on Demand: The macro environmental factors are one of the major variables that have a hug influence on the demand pattern. For identifying, the environmental impacts on the demand a PESTL analysis can b done. As mentioned by Kolios, and Read (2013) a PSTLE analysis provides a clear picture about the political, social, technological and economic trend in a certain market that is being influential in the operation of the organization. Political: With the integration to the Kiyoto protocol, Australia and many other countries are now creating laws regarding the installation of Building Energy Management Systems within the construction projects. The government is providing legal incentives to the organizations which compiling to the norms. Economic: The economic slowdown in the international as well as the domestic market has affected the construction industry in Australia. However, as mentioned by Votano and Sunindijo (2014) the economy of the country is strong and the strong FDI flow is enriching the construction market. Social: As mentioned by Biswas (2014) the growth of population in the last decade, has expanded the market potential for the construction company. It is being helpful in creating demand for the solution offering of the selected company. Moreover, as opined by Azzi et al. (2015) the consistent growth of urbanization and the aging population is crating demand for the smart buildings. Technological: With the recent innovation and improvement in the technologies used in the construction industries, the companies are now able to provide energy efficient buildings to the customers. As mentioned by Khalfan t al. (2015) the new trend of BEMS or the Building Energy Management Systems in the contraction industry of developed countries like Australia and Japan, the company is now on the verge of experiencing a huge level of success in those markets. Legal: As opined by Hojjati and Khodakarami (2016) with the increased concern for the environmental issues the countries like Australia is creating laws which are making it obligatory for the construction companies to install energy efficient solutions to their buildings. Moreover, as described by Kibert (2016) the Australian government has strict laws regarding the employee safety. Hence, it is crating demand for the safety solutions of the selected company. Porters five forces: As described by E. Dobbs (2014) Porters five forces model examines the competitive rivalry and the companys position in the market. With the variables like Consumers bargaining power, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of Substitutes, threat to new entrants and the competitive rivalry in the existing market, the competitive situation can be analyzed. Here, in this report the consumers bargaining power has been discussed with the aim of exploring the buyers power in the market. The Bargaining Power of Customers: As the company is operating in providing green and energy efficient solutions to the construction houses and the investors, the bargaining power of the consumers can be detected as low. With the increased regulation in the construction markets for the installation and management of energy efficient power grids and other equipments, the customers the gradually being dependent on the service offering of the company (Asadullah and Celik 2016). Moreover, the Australian government has strict rules for the companies to provide safe and secure working environment to the employees. It has pushed the business organizations to install security management equipments. Thus, it can be claimed that the products of the company is important for the customers and they cannot ignore the offerings of the company. Blue ocean strategy: The blue ocean strategy talks about creating new market and demand for obtaining competitive advantage. As opined by Kim and Mauborgne (2014) for formulating a blue ocean strategy it is needed to reconstruct the market boundaries by the company. To achieve this goal, the companies can use six different paths like, looking across the alternative industry, looking across the strategic groups within industries, looking across the chain of buyers, looking across the complimentary products and the service offerings, looking across the functional and emotional appeal and looking across the time. Here, to discuss the demand conditions, the writer has discussed the third, fourth and fifth paths for reconstruction of the market boundaries. Buyer Group: In the context of the market, in which the selected company is operating, the chain of buyers are two to three stags. As mentioned by Yamagata and Seya (2013) in the building solutions market, the chain of buyers starts from influencers to purchasers to users. As per the company report, the organization is now focusing mainly on the purchasers. As the company deals with the construction companies to provide building solutions, it mainly focuses on the purchasers (Honeywell, 2016). However, in few cases, the company interacts with the influencers like the investor group or the users like the individual customers. As mentioned by Hojjati and Khodakarami (2016) shifting from purchaser to buyer will create brand value but it will not be much profitable for the company, as it will not collect a significant number of businesses. However, if the organization focuses on the influencers like the investor groups of the official bodies and corporate sustainable officers, it will be profitable t o the company. Complementary Product: The product offerings of the company are being used in the buildings for energy efficient, security and sustainability solutions. The pain of the customers can be identified as reducing the operation cost, increasing the employee outcome and improving building efficiency. By reducing the price and products that will be IoT (Internet of Things) based, the efficiency will be increased and cost will be reduced. Functional-emotional orientation: The company is now operating in the functional sector. The organization offering does not have an emotional appeal too the customers. Hence, it is needed for the company to compete on the emotional field. With the functionality, the organization needs to make the customers feel that the products will keep their employees and families safe. They need to feel that with the products they will be able to avoid the legal constrains (Hojjati and Khodakarami 2016). The three tiers of non-customers: Here, the soon-to-be non-customers are the influencers. They will try to eliminate the purchaser and deal with the company for cost benefit. The refusing customers are the ones who try to avoid the smart technologies in their buildings (Hjort et al. 2013). With advertisements, they can be attracted to the brand and finally the non-customers are the potential buyers in the rural sector. By lowering down the price and advertisements this group can be attracted. Buyer Utility: To create buyer utility, the organization will make the offerings simple and user friendly. The products will provide convenience that was not experienced by the customer before, like the IoT management (Yamagata and Seya 2013). With innovative power usage, technique the risk can be reduced. The company can also opt for colourful devices. Last but most essentially, the energy saving characteristics of the devices will create a hug buyer utility. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the recent macro environmental trend is helping the company to retain this place in the Australian market. Moreover, it can be speculated that by obtaining a blue ocean strategy the company will be successful in the new market as the offerings of the company is a requirement for both the users and the influencers. In the coming future the company can experience a good growth as the construction industry seeking to obtain strategies for energy conservation and cost reduction. References: Asadullah, M. and Celik, A.R., 2016. An Effective Approach to Build Smart Building Based on Internet of Things (IoT). Azzi, M., Duc, H. and Ha, Q.P., 2015. Toward sustainable energy usage in the power generation and construction sectorsa case study of Australia.Automation in Construction,59, pp.122-127. Biswas, W.K., 2014. Carbon footprint and embodied energy assessment of a civil works program in a residential estate of Western Australia.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,19(4), pp.732-744. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Hjort, K., Lantz, B., Ericsson, D. and Gattorna, J., 2013. Customer segmentation based on buying and returning behaviour.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(10), pp.852-865. Hojjati, S.N. and Khodakarami, M., 2016. Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Smart Buildings Using the Technology Acceptance Model.International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications,7(6), p.2936. Honeywell. 2016.Honeywell. [online] Available at: https://www.honeywell.com/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Khalfan, M., Noor, M.A., Maqsood, T., Alshanbri, N. and Sagoo, A., 2015. Perceptions towards Sustainable Construction amongst Construction Contractors in State of Victoria, Australia'.Journal of Economics, Business and Management,3(10), pp.940-947. Kibert, C.J., 2016.Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley Sons. Kim, W.C. and Mauborgne, R., 2014.Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Harvard Business Review Press. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Leeland, S., Shen, P., Holaso, A., Helzer, E., Clinger, K., Lalli, M., Frost, R.C., Kong, S., Gustafsson, N. and Baranauskas, J.M., Honeywell International Inc., 2015.Building control device. U.S. Patent D743,349. McGeorge, D. and Zou, P.X., 2012.Construction management: New directions. John Wiley Sons. Votano, S. and Sunindijo, R.Y., 2014. Client safety roles in small and medium construction projects in Australia.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,140(9), p.04014045. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Yamagata, Y. and Seya, H., 2013. Simulating a future smart city: An integrated land use-energy model.Applied Energy,112, pp.1466-1474.

The Growing Threat Of Computer Crime Essays - Cybercrime

The Growing Threat Of Computer Crime Running head: THE GROWING THREAT OF COMPUTER CRIME The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Diana Ritter Baker College of Cadillac May 9, 2001 Abstract Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the arrival of personal computers to manipulate information and access computers by telephone, increasing numbers of crimes--electronic trespassing, copyrighted-information piracy, vandalism--have been committed by computer hobbyists, known as hackers, who display a high level of technical expertise. For many years, the term hacker defined someone who was a wizard with computers and programming. It was a challenge to all hackers, and an honor to be considered a hacker. But when a few hackers began to use their skills to break into private computer systems and steal money, or interfere with the syst em's operations, the word acquired its current negative meaning. With the growing use of computers and the increase in computer crimes, early detection, deterring computer crimes, and new laws regulating and punishing these computer crimes are necessary. Without it, chaos will be the end result. The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Do you think your companys computer systems are secure? Think again. Billions of dollars in losses have already been discovered due to computer crimes. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions more will be stolen, most without detection, by the emerging master criminal of the twenty first century --The computer crime offender. Whats worse yet is that anyone with a computer can become a computer criminal. Crimes such as embezzlement, fraud and money laundering are not new. However, each of these crimes now has a new partner in crime-the computer. Crimes that have become unique due to the availability and widespread use of computers include: a. unauthorized use, access, modification, copying, and destruction of software or data; b. theft of money by altering computer records of theft of computer time; c. theft or destruction of hardware; d. use or conspiracy to use computer resources to commit a felony; e. intent to obtain information or tangible property, illegally through use of the computer. (Fraud Survey Results, 1993) Although incidents in this second category of crimes do present a serious problem, embezzlement is by far the major threat to small businesses. This is evident by the frequency of reports in the local media. Cash is the most vulnerable asset as it is the easiest for the perpetrator to convert to personal use. Firms most vulnerable to theft of money are firms that must rely on one individual to perform the duties of office manager and bookkeeper. Having more than one employee in the office provides an opportunity to effect certain internal controls, particularly separation of duties. Small business owners should review their insurance coverage for employee dishonesty. While there are no standards to determine precisely the amount of coverage necessary, the marginal cost of adding an extra $1,000 of coverage decreases as the coverage increases. A business owner should consult with an insurance agent and err on the side of caution, just to be safe. Although theft of money is a major subject when speaking of computer crime, there are also many other areas to be concerned about. Some of the computer crimes for the 21st century will include: Communication crimes (cellular theft and telephone fraud). Low-tech thieves in airports and bus terminals use binoculars to steal calling card access numbers. Thieves will park their vans along busy interstate highways and use specialized equipment to steal cellular telephone access codes from the air. This is just the tip of the iceberg. Business. Most banking today is done by electronic impulse. Therefore, access to business computers equals access to money (and lots of it). Convicted computer hacker, John Lee, a founder of the infamous Masters of Deception hacker group stated that he could change credit card records and bank balances, get free limousines, airplane tickets, and hotel rooms (without anyone being billed), change utility and rent rates, distribute computer software programs free to all over the internet, and easily obtain

Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essays

Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essays Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essay Analysis of Domestic Water Consumption Essay TECHNICAL REPORT OF STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME(SIWES) WITH ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL(AMAC)ABUJA PESENTED BY ADEYEMI ISAAC SHOLA UJ/2008/EV/0222 SUBMMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OFGEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,UNIVERSITY OF JOS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. Sc Hons)DEGREE PROGRAMME IN GEOGRAPHY AND PLANNING. NOVEMBER, 2012. DEDICATION This report is dedicated to God Almighty my creator. To my parents, Mr. Mrs. ADEYEMI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude goes to God almighty for his guidance and grace given to me throughout my six month industrial training. I remain grateful to my parents for their effort and support towards my education. My gratitude also goes to my departmental supervisors Mrs. L. S Rikko and Mrs. Simi, for setting out time to come and see us in our place of primary assignment. I want to thank my industrial based supervisor Mr. Ali Adamu and the entire staff of the zonal planning office for their assistance. Much gratitude goes to my head of department and to all the staff of the department of geography and planning, university of Jos. Finally, I want to say thank you to all my friends who have been of great encouragement to me throughout this period, I remain grateful. ABSTRACT The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a program which has been organized by the federal government through the industrial training und (ITF) for Nigeria institutions in order to enlighten the students on the usage of equipment and professional practice in their different fields of study. In fulfillment of my study as a geography and planning students, I carried out my six month industrial training in the survey and planning unit office Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), located at area 10 Garki, Abuja. This report comprises of the organization chart of Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA), urban and regi onal planning department and also Abuja Municipal Area Council(AMAC). his report also contains the functions of the zonal planning office, functions of the urban and regional planning department and also the activities I participated in and experiences I gained. Some of the problems encountered during the exercise and possible solutions, were not left out. In conclusion I recommended ways of improving the program and also support of the program by the federal government. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Industrial Training Fund 1. Brief History of SIWES 1. 3 Objectives of SIWES 1. 4 Relevance of SIWES to Urban and Regional Planning CHAPTER ONE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme is a program which involves the students, the universities and the industry. The siwes forms a part of the approved minimum academic standards in various degree program in Nigerian universities. The scheme is funde d by the Federal Government of Nigeria and is coordinated by the Industrial Training Fund and the National Universities Commission (NUC 1996). The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme, bridges the gap between theory and practice and also it is aimed at exposing students to machines and equipments, professional work methods and ways of safe guarding work areas and organizations. This report contains the work undertaken, new knowledge learnt and problems encountered by the student during the six months industrial training in zonal planning office Abuja municipal area council located at area 10 Garki, Abuja. Solution to the problem are also included. 1. 1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINNING FUND(ITF) The industrial training fund was established in 1971 as a man power development agency for the federal government of Nigeria. The provision of decree 47 of 8th October 1971,empower industrial training fund (ITF) to promote and encourage the acquisition of skills in industry and co mmerce with a view to generate pool of indigenous trained manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the Nigeria economy. A clause was invented by the ITF in 1978 in the policy statement no. 1 dealing with issues of practical skills among locally trained professionals. Selection 15 of the policy, states that internal emphasis will be place on certain product of post-secondary to adopt or orientate easily on their possible post-graduation for environment. 1. 2 BRIEF HISTORY OF STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME(SIWES) The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) came into being with the establishment of industrial training fund (ITF) by the federal government of Nigeria in 1973 under the degree of 47 of 1971 in other to boost indigenous capacity of the nation’s industrial need. This was brought about by the federal ministry of commerce and industries, finance, education in collaboration with NUC and board of technical education (NUBTE) who thought that the main aim of training and exposing students to industrial fields is to give them practical knowledge of what they have been thought in their respective courses. The first started on the 8th of October 1974 with few number of students from different institutions which later increased to a large number of students in tertiary institutions nationwide. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES To provide an avenue for students in Nigeria Universities to acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study. 2 To prepare students on anticipated working situations after graduation. 3 To expose students to working methods and techniques in handling equipments and machinery that are not available in their various institution. 4 It enhances students contacts for later job placement. 1. 4 RELEVANCE OF SIWES TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Planning is not complete until the job carried out on paper is transferred to the ground. his program gives students the opportunity of seeing work design on paper presented and transferred on ground. it also help in promoting social interaction and appreciating planning in practice and administration and relating with other allied professionals in planning. 1. 5 HISTORY OF FEDERAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Federal capital development authority (FCDA) is parastatals under the federal capital territory administration (FCTA) charged with the responsibility of building and developing the federal capital territory. Federal capital development authority (FCDA) was established in April 1976 by degree No 6 of 1976. Federal capital development authority comprises of 10 departments namely: Abuja metropolitan management council (AMMC), Engineering, survey and mapping, resettlement and compensation, finance and administration, mass housing, satellite town infrastructure, urban and regional planning, public building and procurement department. (chart of FCDA). 1. 6 HISTORY OF ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL The evolution of Abuja Municipal area council could be trace to its creation as development area on the 1st of October 1984. in 1987, on the recommendation of the Ahmadu Bello University consultancy group it assumed the full status of local Government (area council). The area council secretariat has different departments such as health, works department, legal department, revenue, Abuja environmental protection board. Location/population Abuja municipal area council is located on the eastern wing of the federal capital territory. t is bounded on the east by Nasarawa state,on the west by kuje area council , North- west by Gwagwalada and on the North by Bwari area council. The last demographic report by the national population commission indicated that the population of the area council stood at 309,306. However it is important to note that the population figure may double this number as the area council is daily experiencing influx of people. The people Abuja municipal area council ha s the following ethnic groups: gbagyi, gwandara,koro, gade. he main gbagyi settlements in amac include the following:karu, nyanya, durumi,garki, keffi,kabasa, mabushi, jabi, lugbe, idu, toge, hulumi, pyakasa, jikwoyi, kuduru, orozo, maitama and asokoro areas. the gwandara people can be found in places like karshi, jiwa, awagwa, karmo and idu. The area council besides the city caters for the needs of over 49 communities each presided by village heads. Besides that, the area council has twelve political wards namely:City centre, Wuse,Gwarinpa, Garki, Kabusa, Gui, Gwagwa karshi, Orozo, Karu and Nyanya. (org chart of AMAC). CHAPTER TWO This chapter consist of basically the administrative work, assingment, fieldwork and lectures recived during the cause of my industrial training at Abuja Municipal Area Council. 2. 0 ADMINSTRATIVE WORK/ASSINGMENTS RECORDING OF INCOMING AND OUTGOING FILES: This is as a result of a complaint been brought to the planning office, in most cases it is a problem of encroachment. This complaint is been filed and taken to the planning and survey unit. My supervisor gives me this file to record into a booklet the file number, the date it was filed, the nature of the complaint. An outgoing file is a file I record which have already been treated. CONFIRMATION OF PLOT NUMBERS ON LAYOUTS: This is an exercise given to me by my supervisor. This entails the checking out of the plot numbers on a specific layout to confirm whether the plot exist in the layout and also to verify the total number of plots on a some layout which includes Apo extension II, Jikoyi village Intergration layout. ASSINGMENTS Some assingments were given to me by my supervisor which I carried out. This assingments includes; defination and type of scales and difference between geography and planning and urban and regional planning. DEFINATION OF SCALE: A scale can be defined as the ratio between the distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the earth surface. TYPES OF SCALES Representative Fraction: This type of scale is a fraction that expresses the mathematical relationship between map and the land such as 1:50,000 which is 1 map unit is equal to 50,000 units. Statement Scale: This is represented in form of a statement that a given distance on the earth equals a given measure on the chart or vice versa. Example 2cm represents 1km. Linear Scale: this shows directly on the map and the corresponding grounddistance.

The Difference Between Shade and Shadow

The Difference Between Shade and Shadow The Difference Between Shade and Shadow The Difference Between Shade and Shadow By Maeve Maddox Øystein Sveum Moen poses an interesting question about shade and shadow: I constantly end up in discussions whether somethings in the shade or shadow. Is there a clear definition of the difference between these two? Where I come from (Norway) we have a single word covering all forms of light blocking darkness. Both shade and shadow come from the same Old English word sceadu, shade, shadow, darkness. The general definitions given for both words are almost identical in the OED: shadow:  I. Comparative darkness.  1. a. Comparative darkness, esp. that caused by interception of light; a tract of partial darkness produced by a body intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary. shade: I. Comparative darkness. 1 a. Partial or comparative darkness; absence of complete illumination; esp. the comparative darkness caused by a more or less opaque object intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary. Both words have numerous uses. For example, shade can mean the ghost or spirit of someone dead. Capitalized, Shadow is a term given by Carl Jung to the aspect of the human personality formed by fears and unpleasant emotions. The OED entries for shade and shadow include about 40 different definitions for each of the words. Used in the sense of comparative darkness, the words are sometimes, but not always interchangeable. Shade is what one seeks on a hot sunny day. We sit or walk in the shade. Plants that do well in the shade are called shade-loving plants. Shadow usually refers to a shape cast by an object that blocks the sun. A person casts a shadow in the shape of the human body. Figuratively, however, one might say that a younger brother lives under the shadow or in the shade of an older brother. Both words have emotional connotations. To those of us who live in hot climates, shade has pleasant and soothing associations. Shadow is evocative of something mysterious or threatening, especially in the plural. Stalkers lurk in the shadows. As the sun sets, evening shadows fall, concealing what was formerly visible and making the ordinary strange. Addressing the difference between shade and shadow in Modern English Usage, H.W. Fowler concludes that shadow is to shade as pool is to water. He points out that shady means full of shade, but shadowy like a shadow. Shade, therefore, denotes a general state, while shadow implies a shape. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know50 Latin Phrases You Should Know12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions

Industry Analysis of Telecom Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industry Analysis of Telecom Industry - Essay Example According to the US Wireless Communication Association, 3.6 million jobs are directly or indirectly dependent on the US wireless telecommunications industry. Verizon Wireless owns and operates majority of US wireless network. It is a joint venture of Verizon Communications and Vodafone headquartered in NJ, Verizon. Verizon wireless deals in wireless voice and data services. Verizon has built the nation's first wide-area wireless broadband network and it also delivered the nation's first wireless consumer 3G-multimedia service. It has a broad consumer base. The company generated about US$ 75.11 billion in 2005 in net revenue, with revenue net per share of 27.155. The company quarterly growth is healthy and increased by 5.8 percent in 2005 as it increased its gross profit by 49.64 percent. The total cash flow was $22 billion; further detail can be seen in the table below. Verizon business model focuses on creating value and driving earning and growth. It has proved itself by generating stable margin, solid returns and stable financial performance. The company has extensive connections in the business and government sector and relies on them to generate revenue. The company has targeted costs of $890 million in 2006 to install a fiber optic network, which will be capable of providing Verizon's advanced FiOS data and video services. An AT &T Wirless service was the third largest wireless telephone carrier US. In October 2004, AT&T wireless completed its merger with Cingular to become the largest wireless carrier in the United States. Under the agreement, only the Cingular brand would survive. On November 16, 2004, every single AT&T Wireless store was re-christened under the Cingular banner. It is now renamed as AT&T Inc. The company is based in San Antonio, Texas and formed recently in 2005 by SBC Communications. The company net revenue for year 2005 reached $43.86 billion, with revenue per share 13.023, while the quarterly growth in 2005 remained 26 percent. The company total gross profit reached $24.67 billion. The total operating cash remained at $12.66 billion; further detail can be seen in the table below. Source: Yahoo Finance Business Model In 1907, AT&T president Theodore Vail did not keep it a secret, but made it goal to attain the status of monopolist, which he named as "One Policy, One System, and Universal Service." At the time AT&T started to purchase competitors and retained its monopoly till 1970, but the rise of cheap microwave communications opened opportunity for other competitors. However its monopoly was broken and it was bought over by rivals Verizon, currently it is surviving through mergers. III) T-Mobile T-Mobile is group of mobile phone corporate subsidiaries (under the ownership of Deutsche Telekom), which operates major GMS networks in Europe and US. T-Mobile has about 109 million subscribers, which makes it the world's 3rd largest mobile phone service provider. T-mobile is present in eight European countries (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Great Britain, Netherlands, Slovakia) and USA. T-Mobile USA is the fourth-largest wireless carrier in the U.S. market with 21.7 million customers. In 2004, T-Mobile was able to generate revenue of $9366 million and able to grow at the rate of 12 percent a year. Further detail can

4 articles about UK politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4 articles about UK politics - Essay Example The safety of the population is put at risk as the politicians try to save the government money by keeping criminals out of jail and they try to win votes during election season, also by doing the same thing. The result of which, according to Bray, is a higher crime rate and a slap on the hand of the repeat offenders. Bray made it clear that he wanted the politicians to stop using the judicial system for their personal benefit. It was, he said, the job of the politicians to make sure that the prisons could hold the convicted so that they would be taken out of society for the benefit of the greater good. He also said that the police needed to step up and do their jobs. The statements made by Bray were contradicted by Justice Minister Jeremy Wright however. Justice Minister Wright explained that Bray made statements in error as the conviction rate for criminals has been on the rise since 2010 and the criminals were staying in prison longer than Bray indicated. He also dismissed claims of government and police interference in the sentencing of criminals. Coalition Spending Revealed: Crime Agencys  £336,573 Outlay on Mercedes Vans for Special Projects, a  £27,000 Parking Bill at Gatwick Airport and  £108,000 PR Spend Among Government Departments’ Public Accounts Oliver Wright of The Independence reports that a snapshot analysis of the government spending over the first 2 months of this year shows just how mismanaged the government finances are. Apparently, there have been a few questionable government project awarded to private contractors. Thanks to the government rules, these figures were made public because the amount of the contracts were all over the  £25,000 limit. As the report progressed, more and more disturbing disbursement of the public funds were found. These included the National Crime Agency payout to Mercedes Benz in the amount of  £336,573 for the

Impact of television on professional sports Essay Example for Free

Impact of television on professional sports Essay It was in late 1940’s and beginning of 1950’s that television was introduced to the common people. In the words of Marc and Thompson, â€Å"Marshall McLuhan who was earning the distinction of becoming the first ‘media critic,’ described television in the 1950’s as an ‘electronic hearth,’ a kind of proto-cyberworld fireplace, around which families were gathering during this new stage of post-industrial existence. (2005, p. 55) Following sports became completely different with the advent of television. Now there was no need to waste entire day to watch one’s favourite game in the stadium or strain one’s ears to keep track of the latest happenings in the fields through the radio. Those who had not yet brought this powerful medium of entertainment home used to be a part of â€Å"a crowd of people standing in the street in front of an appliance dealership watching TV through the store window. † (Marc and Thompson, 2005, p. 53) So people at homes or as sidewalk audiences started cheering the sportsmen for their efforts that was visible on screen. The television enhanced the status of sports as a social activity that could be viewed at the comfort of homes. It also introduced the masses to different kinds of sports. Earlier people were aware of the sports that were common in their country only. Due to television sportsmen of diverse kinds of sports became household names. Television gave the sportsmen, the fame and recognition across the continents. This was unimaginable otherwise. Boyle and Haynes observed, â€Å"today it is difficult to imagine football without television or a television schedule bereft of football. † (2004, p. 7) This observation is true in a wider context too. Television sector has undergone tremendous growth. Hundred of channels all over the world are dedicated to sports, which telecast not only the game but also each and every aspect of the players’ lives. The top sportsmen enjoy the same fan following and power as the film stars. Where there is maddening fan following and popularity, can money be behind? The salaries of the top players in all the sports have soared really high. It’s no wonder that popular games like tennis, football, cricket etc. have become businesses in their own right. There has been major commercialization of sports since 1950’s – the advent of television. Talking about football Boyle and Haynes lamented, â€Å"the increasing influence that television has exercised over the sport and the unhealthy degree to which clubs have become dependant on television income have meant that the economic aspects of the game have become of considerable interest. † (2004, p. 8) This pathetic state of affairs can be identified with the economics of other professional sports too. All the different sports can be addressed as different products. The mushrooming of rival leagues in each category of product can be compared to different brands of that category, which are constantly trying to outdo each other. This competition or war amongst the rival leagues is benefiting them but deteriorating the spirit of sports. The flow of television money has turned competitive balance into competitive imbalance. However Wigglesworth argued, â€Å"commercialism has always been present in sport in one form or another. It may have begun with the donation of prizes by local tradesmen at holy day recreations and have become more highly organized in rural sports, often sponsored by publicans. † (2007, p. 35) According to Wigglesworth commercialization has helped in the growth of professionalism. This indicates that before 1950’s it was impossible to consider sports as a profession because the players were not paid proper salaries. Thus all the players used to dabble with other professions in order to keep their kitchens running. Since the advent of television, sports have been started being recognised as one of the well-paid professions and each decade after 1950’s has seen a further hike in the players’ salary. The channel boom in the past decade has made the picture rosier for the players as far as their salaries are concerned. Talking about the growth of leagues Wigglesworth observed, â€Å" money from television coverage and all the associated media opportunities was the spur for the bigger clubs to organize themselves into a league†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2007, p.129). He further elaborated â€Å"even cycling clubs have derived commercial benefits from increased television coverage of the sport during the 1980’s and 1990’s. â€Å"(2007, p. 132) It is since the 1980’s that the television started changing the conventional scenario of sports at a much greater pace than ever before. Some of the top rival leagues, which were created in 1960’s and 1970’s to promote sports, merged sports and media and have even started running their own sport channels, thus taking their rivalry to newer areas. The following statement of Holland paints a gloomy picture of the impact of television on sports: â€Å" As the broadcasting of sport gradually becomes as important as the event itself, there has been growing concern over the adaptation of the sports to suit the needs of television. † (2000, p. 138) It is threatening that all the sports event have become a ground of cut throat competition between the satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasters. To get the exclusive rights of the major sporting events these parties have been bidding higher and higher. This factor has shook competitive balance to a great extent, which has started proving detrimental for the sports on the whole. So to conclude the impact of television has been both good and bad across all sports, whether it is cricket, rugby, boxing, swimming, horse riding tennis etc. It has been most beneficial to the players of popular sports, financially. The creation of rival leagues can be viewed a positive impact but growing unhealthy rivalry amongst them and competitive imbalance has been some of the drawbacks of television. In the words of Wigglesworth, â€Å"One result of the commercialization of sport through television has been the depersonalization of spectator sport with the old fashioned ‘fan’ becoming simply a customer. † (2007, p. 164). References Boyle, R. and Haynes, R. (2004). Football In The New Media Age. New York: Routledge Holland, P. (2000). The Television Handbook. (2nd ed. ). New York: Routledge. Marc, D. and Thompson, R. J. Television In The Antenna Age: A Concise History. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Walvin, J. (1978). Leisure and Society. UK: Longman. Wigglesworth, N. (2007). The Story Of Sport In England. New York: Routledge.

Success of Communist Ideas in American Government Essay example -- Exp

The Success of Communist Ideas in American Government      Ã‚   Ever since the beginning of the Cold War, Americans have held the word "Communism" to have many negative connotations. Our country has been focused on preventing the spread of that evil form of government. Wars were fought in foreign lands; American lives were lost protecting the world from Communism. Many Americans would be horrified, then, to find that the righteous system of Capitalism actually incorporates many Communist ideas. In fact, many of Karl Marx's radical ideas have reached the most fundamental establishments in the United States government; the government that did everything in its power to prevent the seeds of Communism from taking root in other countries.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The government Karl Marx envisioned has never seen the light of day. The Communist governments we're all familiar with, such as the ones in China and the former USSR, never came close to achieving true Communism. They can be better described as dictatorships, rather than governments for the people. As such, the United States was correct in preventing their control over the world. However, as a result of the use of the label "Communism," many Americans have equated this noun with "dictatorship." "To be Communist is to be in favor of a totalitarian government," they say. This simple prejudice lead to the age of McCarthyism, which destroyed the lives of supporters of Marx's ideas. So has Marx's Communism survived? Then and now, several of the United States' government agencies are intrinsically Communist, taking their foundations almost directly from The Communist Manifesto.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most radic... ... best examples of communism can be found right here, in the United States.    Works Cited    Air Transportation Association - Industry Information. 21 July 2000. Air Transportation Association. http://www.air-transport.org/public/industry/16.asp    Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 13 Oct. 2000. The Federal Reserve Board. 14 Oct. 2000 http://www.federalreserve.gov/    Brief Corporate History of AT&T, A. 2000. AT&T Corp. 17 Oct. 2000. http://www.att.com/corporate/restructure/history.html    Marx, Karl. "The Communist Manifesto." A World Of Ideas. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford, 1998. 212-232.    Public Transportation Ridership Statistics Index. 17 Oct. 2000. American Public Transportation Association. 17 Oct. 2000. http://www.apta.com/stats/ridershp/index.htm

Consumerism and the Environment Essay

Consumerism is a concept that was created before the Great Depression, which, by definition, means â€Å"the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy; the fact or practice of an increasing consumption of goods†. In other words, consumerism has meant the transformation of citizens into shoppers. In fact, after the tragedy of 9/11, we were not asked to sacrifice or work hard in order to defeat terrorism, we were asked to go shopping. (Barber, 2008) Buying more products may help the economy but it is not good for the environment. Statistics show that the act of consumerism has negatively affected the environment and made a sustainable future very difficult. With the threat of overpopulation and the increased consumption of food and natural resources, our environment may not be able to sustain future generations. In looking at the statistics of consumption in America over the years, we have doubled or tripled our consumption of food and natural resources in the last 50 years. One of the root causes of our environmental problems is hyper-consumption. We simply buy too much of what we don’t need and often even what we really don’t want. According to Globalissues. org â€Å"half of the world lives on less that $2 a day† and WorldWatch. org or World Watch Institute states â€Å"12% of the world’s population lives in North America and Western Europe and accounts for 60% of private consumption spending†. The statistics of consumption in America is disturbing. Putting the consumption of food aside, global oil production is currently about 81 million barrels a day and is predicted to fall to 39 million barrels a day by 2030 due to diminishing resources. Seager, 2007) In 50 years and as these resources doubled in consumption, carbon dioxide levels increased over 20%, which is very harmful to our environment and the ozone. The world’s population needs to realize that consumerism is affecting the environment in very bad ways and people need to start changing the way they live and buy in order to help save the environment. The effect of consumerism to the environment has been well documented over the years. From fuel consumption to polluted air, a damaged ozone and massive waste and garbage dumped, our environment has taken a lot of hits. The increase of natural fuel over the last few decades has many people wondering what the world will do if we run out. The answer is simple. We need to transform the way we use fuel into re-usable, environmentally friendly fuel. That is easier said than done, but massive change is never easy. We also have to look at what damage this consumption is doing to the air and the ozone layer. The effect of ozone layer depletion often seems as if it is a far away problem. In reality, the weakening of the Earth’s protection from radiation has implications that spread across the planet. The Environmental issues caused by ozone layer depletion will ultimately affect everyone. (Ozone Layer Depletion, 2012) According to statistics, the holes in the ozone layer are getting bigger year by year. There may not be a way to reverse the damage that has been done, but we can prevent more damage just by making simple changes. The US produces nearly 230 million tons of trash per year and less than one fourth of it is recycled and the remaining garbage is burned. If we put a proper plan in place, we could recycle 70% of this waste and dramatically decrease the demand virgin resources. There are several environmental agencies that actively seek to make a change for the better. There is no one person or group able to make decisions that are binding upon all or even most of the participants in a movement. This makes negotiation and settlement difficult, if not impossible. Getting more people involved in environmental activism does not mean they need or have to picket or protest environmentally unfriendly businesses, just to be aware and work on their own consumption. (Arquilla & Ronfeldt, 2001) With the massive increase in consumption and the negative effect on the environment, the American government and corporations are putting plans into place to protect our environment. For example, according to thewhitehouse. gov, â€Å"The Obama Administration is committed to protecting the air we breathe, water we drink, and the land that supports and sustains us†. The Recover Act Investments in our Environment is finding for programs and projects that will protect the environment. The National Ocean Policy helps preserve our oceans. The government is also working to reduce air pollution by setting ambitious new fuel economy standards for cars and trucks that will raise the miles per gallon usage and decrease carbon emissions. The government has also proposed national standards for mercury, arsenic and other toxic air pollution from power plants. There is also the proposal for the development of clean energy, which, should slow down if not stop the usage of natural fuel and also have a positive effect on the environment. None of these proposals or policies has been put into place as of yet, but it is good to know that the government is at least working on a solution. Not only is the government working on a solution but also several of the leading corporations in America have â€Å"gone green† to help protect our environment. Companies like Bank of America, McDonald’s, Home Depot, Wal-Mart, and many others have decided to look at the big picture and give our environment a little help. Most of these big companies were big environmentally unfriendly companies and either chose to go green or had to go green because of falling profits. They had to go green because when the public got wind of the waste the company’s business suffered quite a bit. There are several things that we, as a nation, can do to help our environment and to ensure that we have a sustainable future. First thing that we need to do is to try and reverse as much damage that has been done to our environment as possible. In order to do that, some major changes have to be made. According to science. howstuffworks. com, doing the following things could help the environment in tremendous ways: Leave your car at home at least 2 days a week; it could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 1,590 pounds per year. Recycle all paper and plastic. If an office building of 7,000 workers recycled all of its office paper waste for a year, it would be like taking about 400 cars off the road. Compost your waste. Composting will reduce the amount of waste that is put into landfills or burned and polluting the air. With regards to preserving sustainable resources, that problem is a little tougher to solve. Fossil fuels are a finite resource, which means it has a limit and when it is gone there is no replacing it. We have to find environmentally friendly fuels to replace fossil fuels. We also have to be careful with our food, water, and soil. Several studies have shown that even if rely on renewable resources like rainwater, we have to make sure that rate of consumption does not exceed how much can be produced. We have the knowledge to help save and sustain our environment and population. Ever since the inception of Earth Day in 1970, activists have lobbied to get governments, corporations, and regular people to see the damage that is being done to our environment. These activists are and have been working ever vigilantly to get the word out that the environment is in trouble. We are seeing it now with the holes in the ozone and the depletion of the natural resources. Our society has been built on consumption and the idea that more is better. In order to reverse this way of thinking we have to change the way we do things. It is a long and hard process but if everyone, including governments and corporations, would do their small part we will have a more sustained and healthy environment.

Online hotel reservation Essay

1. Introduction Currently the World is going to be come in once. The introduction of modern computers since 1940’s changing the way people live, learning their environment and the way they gather information, process, and store data and communicate accurate and timely information in their daily activities.  Therefore without using recently technological products especially computers, it is impossible to think about social, cultural and economically development. So in this century using information and communication technology especially the sophisticated and amusing machine known as computer and modern information handling in any aspect is a question of survival. The group member will try the best way to make the complicated process of Online Yeha Hotel as simple as possible using Structured & Modular technique & Menu oriented interface. The members are going to design the software in such a way that user may not have any difficulty in using this package & further expansion is possible with out much effort. Even though the group members cannot claim that this work to be entirely exhaustive, the main purpose of our exercise is perform each employee’s activity in computerized way rather than manually which is time consuming. 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION Yeha Hotel is one of the business units managed and controlled by BT Digital Business Bridge PLC. It was established in 1993 G.C at Tigray Regional State, Aksum town. The Hotel is a three star hotel located in the outskirts of the city of Aksum on the historic route. 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Currently the management system of Yeha Hotel is computerized. But, the system is not well developed .It doesn’t include all function like; from where the customer comes, amount of payment for reservation ,what they are doing currently .It the hotel is under several problems that negatively affects the reliability, performance, efficiency and effectiveness of day to day activities. Some of the major problems are:- User cannot reserve things (bed rooms on line) well that they want. The hotel cannot well advertise the service that they give. Users cannot access hotel information. Difficult to insertion& retrieve data faster. Difficult to generate report. Delay of information in collecting & processing of customers’ data. To solve the above problems the group members are going to develop a  computerized system to manage the hotel service effectively and efficiently. 1.4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 1.4. 1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE The general objective of this project is to solve the above problems by designing and developing an automated dynamic website that can enhance online in case of Yeha hotel. 1.4.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE To change the manual file handling system in to advanced method of computerized system To reserve bed rooms and other services online To access the hotel information To solve complicated problems that faced to record the manual system To solve the time, cost and man power needed to job performance To provide efficient service to the new customers To solve data redundancy To keep data security and reliability To need fast data insertion & retrieval 1.5. Methodology 1.5.1. SYSTEM DEVLOPMENT METHODOLOGY The team members use waterfall approach since it provide great opportunity for user to participate in the development process, has extensibility feature. Programming tools HTML (Macromedia Dreamweaver 8) JSP (Net Beans IDE 7.1.1) Microsoft Office Notepad Microsoft windows7 Different browsers (e.g. Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome and internet explorer) HARDWARE USED Computer Digital camera Flash disc 1.5.2. FACT FINDING METHOD During information gathering the group members have used a number of  techniques that helps us to get full information about the system. These techniques are:- 1.5.2.1. OBSERVATION The team members have observed physically by going to the place. Also the team has seen that there was no any well-developed computerized system in the hotel and also information about the hotel and the service that the hotel provides were not available easily. The team also observes that reservation is only by face to face or by using phone. 1.5.2.2. INTERVIEW The other most important method that helps us to get most important and critical information about the general view of the hotel is by interviewing manager of the hotel and receptionist of the hotel. (Example:-how do you work currently? 1.5.2.3. DOCUMENT ANALYSIS The form that is used currently has significant importance in crating easiest way of analyzing the newly developed system. 1.6. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Yeha hotel gives several services like, generate report, employee payment, making reservation, and give guaranty for the customer property, food order, and employee selection, introduce hotel service, security for the garden, check availability. But for now we only focuses on making reservation, Check availability, and reserved, room information, introduce hotel service and register customer. LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT Due to different reasons like shortage of time, lack of materials (hardware and software), and others, our project do not implement the whole services. These services are: Employee selection Don’t include branch hotels Employee payment 1.8. OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT After finishing the project it will give a lot of advantages for the hotel as well as the customer and the society. Those advantages include the following things:- Well organized documentation for the hotel Well-developed web site 1.9. OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT The outcome of the project can be seen in many directions as: – The society able to get fast and better service Well organized administration Easy to access information from the hotel Introduce the hotel as internationally Avoiding conflict between workers 1.10 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1.10.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY Our project is feasible because there is no lose of collections of data To reduce number of employee or worker in the system as result it reduces the outcome (money) in the system.

Travels In Alaska Muir John essays

Travels In Alaska Muir John essays Travels in Alaska takes readers on a trip to Alaska through the vivid descriptions of the author, John Muir. The book is based on journals Muir wrote during his visits to Alaska in 1879, 1880, and 1890. These chronicles of his journey relate his observations of nature, glaciers, and the many people he met. Traveling on foot, by canoe, and dogsled Muir experienced excitement discovering unfamiliar types of lands and animals. Each summer Muir and his new found Presbyterian missionary friend S. Hall Young accompanied by Tlingit Indian guides launched extensive voyages of discovery in a thirty foot canoe. John Muir was a naturalists who loved to go to wild places and experience the wonders of nature. Chapter One of Travels In Alaska is inspired by the beautiful scenery Muir writes in his boat in route to Puget Sound. He describes the scenery, weather, and hospitality shown to him by the individuals he met during his journey through the Alexander Archipelago to Fort Wrangell and Sitka. Also, a man named Mr. Vanderbilt offered John a room and a place at his table. The Vanderbilt family occupied the best house in the fort and this is where he found a real home; with the chance to go on all sorts of excursions as opportunity offered. Muir's steamer goes first to Sitka, then on to Wrangell. The Klondike gold rush was yet to begin, but John heard of twenty-eight miners who had just gone from Sitka into the Yukon to prospect. The next summer he came across and interviewed a number of the original twenty-eight miners in S.E. Alaska in Sum Dum Bay. While in Wrangell Muir was adopted by the Stickeen tribe, and given an Indian name (Ancoutahan) that means adopted chief. Being adopted by the Stickeens was a excellent safeguard while John was on his travels among the different tribes of the archipelago. No one belonging to the other tribes would attack him, knowing that the Stickeens would hold them accountable. Muir also de...

The Many Meanings of Mean

The Many Meanings of Mean The Many Meanings of Mean The Many Meanings of Mean By Maeve Maddox A reader from Brazil wonders about the word mean: It has many meanings, such as as evil or significant. Could you help me and others with this word? It’s not surprising that a non-native English speaker would have difficulty assigning a sense to this word. Apart from many discarded definitions, mean continues to be used in numerous senses. Ignoring the word’s use as noun or verb, I’ll look at mean as an adjective. How can mean denote both median and unkind? The word comes from two etymological sources that have jostled together through the years. From its Anglo-Norman source, mean has the sense of intermediate, middle, middle-sized. Our adverbs meantime and meanwhile come from the sense of something occurring between two points of time or between two events. Later on, from the idea of being â€Å"in the middle,† the word took on the sense of ordinary or mediocre. Scientific language yields these terms with mean in the sense of median: Astronomy mean moon mean solar day mean time Ballistics mean point of impact Mathematics mean diameter mean distance mean motion mean temperature mean-value theorem Physics mean free path Statistics mean deviation mean square Typography mean line From its Germanic sources, mean had the meaning â€Å"possessed jointly,† â€Å"belonging equally to a number of persons.† We all know that a Rolex has more cultural value than a Timex; it was only a matter of time before the meaning of â€Å"common ownership† evolved–as did the Anglo-Norman word–to mean ordinary. From ordinary it came to mean â€Å"inferior in rank or quality,† â€Å"of low social status,† â€Å"inferior in learning or ability.† The sense â€Å"of low social class† took on the added sense of â€Å"characterized by poverty, shabby.† Everyday speech gives us these uses of mean: inferior in rank: â€Å"Leave him. He’s but a mean clerk; I demand to speak to his superior.† of low social status: Catherine I of Russia came of mean origins. inferior in ability, learning, perception: â€Å"The truth of my statement ought to be clear to the meanest intelligence!† characterized by poverty: â€Å"Down these mean streets a man must go† vicious or hard to control: â€Å"Don’t make me ride a mean horse.† violent: â€Å"He’s nice enough ordinarily, but he’s a mean drunk.† stingy, miserly: Scrooge was mean with his money. unkind: That boy is mean to his little sister. Finally, as if all these uses weren’t challenging enough, mean can also indicate that something is admirable: He plays a mean saxophone. (i.e., He plays saxophone extremely well) He packs a mean punch. (i.e., He hits really hard.) Winning the Iditarod three years running is no mean achievement. (i.e., Winningis an admirable achievement.) For the non-native English speaker, mastering the many meanings of mean is no mean feat. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingTry to vs. Try andWriting a Thank You Note

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example I also approve of your point that learning is one thing, and being able to apply the knowledge thus gained to practical work situations is another thing. This may be because the factors that influence an individual’s performance at work are unlearned in the formal school studies. In order for an individual, he/she not only needs to have a high level of emotional intelligence, but also some experience in the work. It is only through experience, dedication and determination that one gets to identify the fundamental drivers of professional competence at work, and thus control them in a way to improve his/her own professional competence. I appreciate that you discussed the example of the young boy who acquired a bachelor’s degree in biology and was yet able to be more professionally competent than the son of the owner who had acquired the degree in business. This is a very strong example. Really, it is all about one’s aptitude instead of one’s field. The highe r education may be a driver of professional competence, but it is not the ultimate prerequisite of the

CEO Project---Pepsico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CEO Project---Pepsico - Research Paper Example Employee goals should be defined through job descriptions, which should incorporate employees’ goal responsibilities. This will allow employees to dedicate their time in performing roles that will enable PepsiCo achieve its goals in change strategy. The process of identification of value addition is very important. It involves distinguishing activities that add value and should be retained, activities that do not add value but cannot be avoided by a company and those activities that do not add value and the company should eliminate them (ÄÅ'iarnienÄâ€" and VienaÃ… ¾indienÄâ€", 2012). The process of value identification involves workers, experts and customers in identifying product aspects that are of extreme significance. These are the aspects that should be given priority in this project (Mcleod, 2009). Analysis of the PepsiCo’s aims and objectives shows that the company aims to lead in consumer products in the world that produces convenient foods and beverages. The company also seeks to enrich its employees through growth opportunities and ensure that investors get financial rewards (PepsiCo, 2014). PepsiCo seeks to achieve excellent and sustainable financial performance. The company also aims at ensuring human sustainability through its products, as well as environmental sustainability (PepsiCo, 2011). Based on the above mission, aims vision and objectives of PepsiCo, recommended strategy changes should be implemented on a timely basis to ensure success of the company. These features that require implementation of change include PepsiCo’s policies, functional strategy and business strategy. PepsiCo has invested in research and development and high quality operations to ensure that safe products are provided to consumers (Nooyi & Johnston, 2014). The next step will involve identification of the long term strategic plans and short term strategic plans. In this case, long term strategic

Information Systems Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Information Systems Strategy - Essay Example , and so on) to other individuals for free or in exchange for another item, will safeguard the environment, as it will reduce the waste sent to landfill as well as reduce the demand for natural resources. In addition, the organization wants to support individuals and families, who are economically deprived or struggling, by offering them an online platform where they can find items for free or in exchange for other unwanted items. In any organization, organizational structure provides the framework for the founders or leaders as well as the department heads, supervisors, employees, and others to operate in a streamlined and effective manner. This is applicable to online organization such as ReuseUK, and particularly for the organizations with dual or multiple founders or leaders. As ReuseUK consist of two founders, they have a range of options to choose from including partnership, corporations, and others. â€Å"Which one is right for you depends on many factors, including how much control you want to maintain, tax and liability issues, and your business goals† (Simon 2013). In that direction, partnership appears to be the suitable organizational structure for ReuseUK to follow. The advantage with partnership based organizational structure is that it provides management flexibility, so that management decisions and other responsibilities can be allocated among the partners according to business needs a nd each partner’s strengths (Simon 2013). In that direction, while one partner has an Information Technology (IT) background, the other has social enterprise background, both of which can be utilized to manage this IT based social enterprise organization. Partner with IT background can take care of the website functioning and the related tasks, including supervision of the IT support analyst and importantly the IS strategy. Although, the partner with social enterprise qualifications can manage the content of the website, along with other key personnel of marketing

Mise-en-scene is the language of films

Mise-en-scene is the language of films It is vital to understand the meaning of Mise-en-scene before describing it in any movie. Mise-en-scene is basically a French word, which in English means; putting into the scene. In short, Mise-en-scene is the language of films through which the viewer is able to gather and extract relative information. It helps in showing the viewer, about what is going on in the film, the motives, and most importantly it helps conveying the film makers message. Tim Burton however, has a very distinctive style in filmmaking, considering the use of various elements of Mise-en-scene in almost all of his films, especially Edward Scissorhands in 1990. Tim Burton has his own imagination of good and bad people, which have nothing to do with appearance, for him they could be very misleading. In Edward scissor hands, after looking at Edward one can easily mistake it with a horror film and that Edward is some cold blooded monster, just because of his leather garments and his scissor hands, his appearance is deceiving. Behind the clothes, the pale face full of cuts, long sharp scissors and messy hair, there is a child with genuine goodness who can be trusted. Jhonny Depp, who played the character of Edward in Edward Scissorhands, has remarkably carried out the roll, just as Tim Burton would have wanted him to. Due to his acting skills, the viewers were able to sympathize with the character. His expressions showed the viewers how innocent and well mannered Edward was. Behind that horrible attire there laid a heart, which needed some love and care. Whereas, Tim Burton, in order to give the audience the right idea of the main character, other than the acting skills, costume and make up, has competently used the camera angles, lighting etc. But that completely depends on the role that has been chosen for the actors. For instance, in Sweeny Todd, again Jhonny Depp, who played the role of Sweeny Todd himself, was white, pale and lacked a lot of sunlight. Other than sunlight, just after one glimpse anyone could easily tell that he is deprived of life and something terrible has had happened with him. In this movie, he lived up to his getup; He looked evil, and he was evil. The way Tim Burton makes Jhonny Depp dress up, wear his costume, and the makeup itself is Mise-en-scene, which is very either fascinating or unexpected. It is always a mystery after looking at the character, what the movie would be about or what role would the actor be playing. When it comes to manipulating the audiences attention, Tim Burton is always one step ahead. Furthermore, Tim Burton usually uses contrasting colors. Colors also play a high role in his Mise-en-scene which he easily uses for manipulation. For example, in Edward Scissor hands, the mansion where Edward lives and the mountain on which the mansion is are set in a dark grey shade with black clouds above, which strongly contrasts to the pastel colors of the suburb below. This is also seen in the dress code of the people. Edward wears black leather clothes and even later he dresses up in black and white while the others dress up in soft pastels and look too colorful. Since black is denoted for evil, at first glance the viewers mistake Edward for being evil, his Scissorhands complimenting his image. If Edward was dressed up in pastel colors too, the image would have never been able to be achieved. The manipulating part comes in, like already mentioned the suburbs were of pastel colors and so were the people, which are very harmless colors yet the people living in there were more malevolent than the black and white, monster like looking Edward with his terrifying scissor hands. The colorful people kept on taking advantage of Edward and as soon as they had enough of him, the abandoned him. Moreover, the contrast between residents of the suburb and Edward is maintained throughout the movie, denoting every time no matter what Edward does, he shall always remain an outsider. Similarly in Sleepy Hollow, again the colors have enhanced the mood of the film, straight away hinting the viewers what kind of a movie it would be. Tim Burton was able to keep his audiences engaged by the way he was able to create dramatic effects by desaturated colors, using dark colors with splashes of grey, red, white and other bold colors. Which immediately felt oppressive and created a feeling of tension and anyone could tell that the movie is going to be quite unpleasant. In the film, the town of Sleepy Hollow is shown gloomy, dark and lifeless. Even the colors of trees and the landscapes are shown in a cool grey color. That represented the people living there, and how they were feeling with the mishaps going on in their hometown. In fact, the clothes worn by many people in the town are also oppressive and dark except for the Van Tassel family, who rather believed in wearing refined and elegant clothes. The eye- catching part were the clothes Katrina always wore, mostly bright colors perhaps, reflecting her youth and innocence which could not be seen anywhere else in the town. I believe by using bright colors on Katrina and using contrasting backgrounds against her, Tim Burton was able to catch the viewers interest.

The Hard Life of Samuel Coleridge :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Hard Life of Samuel Coleridge      Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born on October 21, 1772 in Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire. He was the youngest of ten children and was often teased and bullied by the others. When he was 7 years old, Coleridge ran away from home. He was found unharmed the next morning. This event has recurred, in a literary sense, in a large portion of his writings. Many of his poems, sketches, and notebooks contained pictures and descriptions of his night spent outdoors. Although it was evident that Coleridge was a prodigy, he did not do well at a young age because he lost himself in women, drugs, and alcohol. He turned to the army, but this too fell through for him because his family was furious and his brother had him released for reasons of insanity. He immediately brought him back to Cambridge. It was here that he met William Wordsworth (Ashton 29).    In 1797, Coleridge published "Poems" which was well liked. This excited him because he thought that this would begin his road to success. One year later, Wordsworth and Coleridge had their famous "Lyrical Ballads" published. Coleridge's "The Ancient Mariner," opens the book. Many people believe that the work the two men did together greatly contributed to the creation of the Romantic Period. It was chosen to open the book because of its powerful descriptions about remorse. This, combined with the element of psychological obsession, may have had a lot to do with his younger years. In several ways, Coleridge's life experiences seem to have a lot to do with his poem, "Frost at Midnight."    However brilliant, Coleridge was not necessarily a happy man. In 1802 he wrote to Southey: "All my poetic genius is gone, and I have been fool enough to suffer deeply in my my mind, regretting the loss, which I attribute to my long and exceedingly severe metaphysical investigations, and these partly to ill-health, and partly to private afflictions..." (Watson 3).   He, like many, was going through a tough period in his life. His poem, "Frost at Midnight," is an excellent example of his attempts to find hope in his life. He wrote this poem for his son, Hartley.

Pragmatist Curriculum

I. Introduction As the writer of this paper tried to look around his school, he eventually listened to the noisy swarm of sstudents and suddenly quiet as pupils and teachers move into classrooms and doors close. Suddenly, questions came into the writer’s mind; what’s happening behind those doors? What are sstudents learning? How are the teachers teaching? As school leader, you are bombarded with so many student needs, parent's concerns, teacher concerns, paper works that it seems futile to think of improving the teaching of every teacher. What, indeed, can the writer as only one person, do?Thinking about curriculum is an old thinking about education; it is difficult to imagine any inquiry into the nature of education without deliberate attention to the question of what should be taught. The question of what to teach and how to teach it involves a selection from a vast array of knowledge and beliefs within a culture. Since it is impossible to teach everything, that selec tion from the culture reflects in part some sense of what is most worthwhile in that culture as seen in relation to the kind of institution the school is and what it can reasonably accomplish.According to Dewey education is â€Å"a continuous lifelong process which had no ends beyond itself but is its own end†. Within learning organizations, Senge stated that â€Å"humane, sensitive and thoughtful leaders transmit their value system through daily behavior†. Bolman and Deal developed a unique situational leadership theory that analyzes leadership behavior through four frames of reference: structural, human resources, political and symbolic. Each of the frames offers a different perspective on what leadership is and how it operates in organizations; and in this case, schools.These frames are maps that aid navigation, tools for solving problems and getting things done†. Leaders especially administrators need to understand their own frame preference and its limits an d ideally, combine multiple frames to gain â€Å"clarity, generating new options, and finding strategies that work†. As in all organizations, schools need leaders who can impart a persuasive and durable sense of purpose and direction. In the area of curriculum design and planning, educational researchers shared values, and tacit knowledge about what â€Å"should as a defining aspect of school culture.Values are often ‘espoused’ as opposed to â€Å"in-use’, that is, what people say should and ought to be is often inconsistent with their actual behavior. Schein said that one must look deeper than values to find the essence of a culture. Values, enduring beliefs or tendencies to prefer certain modes of conduct or state of affairs over others are often viewed as the most articulated component of culture. The writer, as the institutional head of the organization is composed of 9 teachers, 4 non-teaching staffs and 1 finance officer which find it easy to lead the organization as one.On the other hand, since this is a parochial school, the organization is connected to the Diocesan Bishop as the president of the corporation and led by the school director. Values define a standard of goodness, quality and an excellence that undergirds behavior and decision making and what people care about. Values are not simply goals or outcomes, values are deeper sense of what is important. Deal and Peterson posited that values focus attention and define success. Given the moral ppluralism of today’s society, moral discipline closely related to intellectual values is important.The goals of academic excellence and value-centeredness need to be operational in the education we offer. II. The Need to Revise: Diocesan Goal of Catholic Education Social forces that can influence curriculum planning can come from far and wide. The ideas and values of various groups of people include their social goals, ideas about cultural uniformity and diversity, social pleasures, ideas about social change, their plans for the future and their concept of culture. Educational decision making as it relates to the school’s mission is important.For example, various groups may attempt to influence educational ppolicy and therefore curriculum better meet the needs of children in urban environments and on the other hand, a group may be trying to do the same for rural children. This illustrates how social forces, issues and values can influence curriculum design. Doll a famous curriculum designer once stated that there tends to be a crisis in current social forces and cultures: economic, political and standards funding as well as technology, special needs, ethnic diversity and mobility issues. These apidly changing demographic factors call for self directed curriculum planners who show responsibility for their local and world communities. Global perspectives and understanding, the ability to communicate clearly and the ability to relate well interpe rsonally are critical in a multicultural society and a technology- orientated world market. Curricula for the future emphasize the learner’s development as much as the content to be learned. Critical and creative thinking serve as the point and counterpoint as sstudents construct knowledge using multiple perspectives, talents, modalities and mediums.Tthroughout our lives, in the various stages of development, we experience change in our behavior, feelings, attitudes, thoughts, values, etc. Many of these changes are highly individual and can be a response to life events to a simple unfolding of our unique characteristics. Nonetheless, there are regular and predictable physical, mental and social changes that most people undergo in some way. Part of our life is determined by biological heritage (nature) while part is due to environment (nurture).The interplay of these has been studied by developmental psychologists and three have become legendary in the fields of development: P iaget (cognitive), Kohlberg (moral) and Erickson (identity). Like Piaget, Erickson came to the conclusion that children should not be rushed in their development, that each developmental phase was important and should be allowed time to full unfold. Kohlberg followed the development of moral judgment beyond the stages studied by Piaget, who said that logic and morality develop through constructive stages.Kohlberg determined that moral development continues through the person’s lifespan. Curriculum is no longer a simple matter of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Today, curriculum includes what sstudents can do with the content and how well they think, problem solve and work as a member of a team. Instruction goes beyond isolated memory drill to helping sstudents synthesize information to gain a deeper understanding of concepts and generalization that will have lasting value as they structure knowledge and interpret their world.Thus, diocesan directors of parochial school are currently working on the transition for change of curriculum. It is very crucial to know and be very cognizant to the changes, and as much as possible to have a paradigm shift of accepting contemporary techniques and curriculum, as connected to the instruction itself. Curriculum planners must ask themselves what skills; knowledge, attitudes and abilities must sstudents possess to operate successfully in the 21st century. Thus, the curricular design of the Diocese in connection to K to 12 caters to the challenges of the 21st century education.Some curricula draw lessons from the past and all curricula prepare sstudents for the future. To successfully prepare student to live and work within globally networked systems, curriculum developers must listen to business and economic futurist. Curriculum and instruction are heavily weighted with innovation, in deciding how to proceed; curriculum planners need to weigh today’s educational needs against past practices and their beliefs a bout teaching and learning for the future. III. Revising the Whole Curriculum: Religion as Core of the CurriculumAs a neophyte administrator, the writer dreamt big especially in his school. Thus, he decided to try and suggest to have a taste of a different curriculum where both teachers and sstudents would benefit. As committee of the new curriculum starts the design for the diocesan school, it was decided to have a transition plan so that in one way or another it will be very helpful in implementing the curriculum to the member schools. As a member of the committee, the researcher was task to craft the necessary transition plan for the velvetiness of the transition.Thus, the transition plan of the Catholic School of the Diocese of Imus was attached to this action research for reference. The new time allotment of the subjects for the new curriculum is also attached to be able see and determine the strengths and weaknesses for better development in each subject area. As a Catholic Sc hool within the vicinity of the Diocese of Imus, it was agreed upon that the school where the writer is connected will implement the RCC or the Religion as the Core of the Curriculum using the WBLS (Whole Brain Learning System) as strategy.Thus, in very evident that the new curriculum that will be implemented the next academic year will be somehow different for it allocates a more time on subjects like Christian Living Education (CLE) and Values Education using the Transformative Values as initiated by the CEAP (Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines). RCC or the Religion as Core of the Curriculum is shared mandate that distinguishes Catholic schools from private and public schools.

“Life of Pi” vs “The Odyssey” Comparative Essay Essay

Life standed on the sea is very grueling and risky. Only a few are able to face the challenging tasks of such a situation using their wits and persistence. In the book Life Of Pi and the film The Odyssey, the journeys of the main characters are surprisingly parallel, considering the works were written over 20 centuries apart. Both of their journeys contain stages similar to the archetypal hero journey, including the Separation/Departure, Initiation and The Return. Although both Pi and Odysseus face extraordinary challenges, Pi’s character is more intriguing because through his first person narrative, the reader is drawn to his sensitive nature, his vulnerability and his unique personality while Odysseus is interesting because of the hero stereotype re represents. In the Separation/Departure stage, both men are reluctant at first to start their journeys, but due to forces beyond their control, they depart for phenomenal adventures at sea. For instance, when Pi’s family reveals that they are moving to Canada, Pi is reluctant and does not want to leave. Pi shows his hesitation when he says â€Å"Why enter this jungle of foreignness where everything is new, strange, and difficult?† (Martel, 86). He was â€Å"thunderstruck† (Martel, 88) at the thought of moving by also saying â€Å"It was like Timbuktu, by definition a place permanently far away† (Martel, 88). Pi has created a familiar world of family, filled with religions, his mentors and peace, but is now crossing to an unknown territory far away. Likewise, Odysseus did not want to leave for the Trojan War as he would be leaving his family. He is called to the battle just after his son Telemachus was born, and he is hesitant. Odysseus loves his family, even though he is seen as a typical brawny warrior. This shows that he wants to stay behind to care for his son and wife but nonetheless carried out his duty because he is a brave soldier at heart. The resemblance between those two here is that they both enjoyed life at home, but had to embark on their journeys due to political turmoil – For Pi it was Ghandi’s takeover of India that caused his family to leave, and for Odysseus it is the declaration of the Trojan War. In the start of their journeys, Pi crosses the threshold when the Tsimtusm sinks, and this forces him to get on a raft to start his adventure  at sea. This can be seen when Pi describes the sinking of the boat which â€Å"†¦made a sound like a monstrous metallic burp† (Martel, 107). Pi also expresses his terror when he says, â€Å"Tell me it’s a bad dream. Tell me it’s not real. Tell me I’m still in my bunk on the Tsimtusm and I’m tossing and turning and soon I’ll wake up from this nightmare† (Martel, 107). This shows the crossing of the threshold for Pi as he is the only human survivor who enters this unfamiliar place. This crossing from his familiar life to a much more dangerous one creates a struggle for him to return to his ordinary world. Similarly, for Odysseus, he crosses the threshold a few times and it starts after the Trojan War when he ang ers Poseidon. This is seen when he boasts that he defeated the Trojans by himself, thus angering Poseidon who makes him suffer. His arrogance creates a much more difficult journey home because Poseidon repeatedly sends him off course preventing his return home for many years. Both character cross the threshold in different ways, It is forced upon Pi whereas Odysseus brought it on himself. This is considerably accurate since Pi is innocent and did nothing to incur his fate and the struggle that he had to endure. However Odysseus’s crossing of the threshold is because of his ego which he has to pay the price for boasting about himself winning the war. In short, both characters were reluctant to cross the threshold, but in Pi’s case his situation seems more devastating as he is still young and has to bear with the total loss of his family. Throughout their initiations, Pi and Odysseus must face many challenging trials on their road to survival and eventual reward. Pi’s main trials are the danger of the tiger and the overall risk of surviving from hunger, thirst and nature. With Richard Parker, Pi has to constantly find a way to train him, as he sometimes describes: â€Å"Let the trumpets blare. Let the drums roll. Let the show beginâ₠¬  (Martel, 182). This shows the importance of training to him. He will call himself â€Å"THE PI PATEL, INDO-CANADIAN, TRANS-PACIFIC, FLOATING  CIRCUUUUUSSSSSSSSSSSS!!!† (Martel, 183). Also in order to avoid starvation he must eat meat, as he recounts it for the first time by saying â€Å"It was a great discovery when I found that a fresh-tasting fluid could be sucked out not only from the eyes of larger fish but also from their vertebrae† (Martel, 235). He describes turtles as â€Å"†¦a bowl of hot soup – became my favourite dish† (Martel 235). These quotes show Pi’s effort to train the  tiger and using his wits to outsmart him along with the discovery of using aquatic creatures for meat / food sources. Back to Odysseus, After being cursed by Poseidon his journey back home consists of nothing but horrific trials such as the Cyclops and Lotus eaters. For example after Odysseus sets sail Poseidon creates a fog causing them to meet a troublesome foe, by trapping them in the Cyclops’s cave. However Odysseus gets the Cyclop drunk and stabs him in the eye, allowing them to escape. This portrays his cunning bravery which saves mo st of his men and himself. One similarity for both character’s road of trials is that they are all bigger than life. None of their challenges are ordinary or even realistic. However Pi’s challenges are constant throughout the novel and there is no real relief or change of pace for him. On the other hand Odysseus’s bizarre challenges are constantly changing and creates an episodic storyline. Also he stands with many of his crew and watches them die during some of those trials while Pi faces his challenges alone. Many months later, after Pi survive on the sea for 227 days he is rewarded a chance for recovery at an algae island before the final lap of his journey. When he sees the heavenly island at first, he expresses that when he â€Å"†¦take in green, after so much blue, was like music to my eyes† (Martel, 285). Also when he eats the green vegetation he comments â€Å"saliva forcefully oozed through†¦ â€Å"I tore at the algae around me† (Martel, 288). After surviving on the sea for so long, he is finally given fresh food and water, allowing him to stay alive until he reaches mainland. Odysseus also receives a break when he drifts along to Calypso’s island, after all the terrors he endures. There he is taken care of by a beaut iful woman named Calypso and she gives Odysseus the rest and treatment he needs. This shows that by overcoming all  the challenges thrown at him, he is rewarded a chance to take a break, even though Calypso intended to keep him there forever. The similarity here between the two is that both rewards offer some kind of recovery, allowing them to take a breather before arriving at their destination. Yet Pi’s reward is generally smaller / less satisfying compared to Odysseus because Odysseus still knows his family is back home while Pi still has to bear the loss of everything. All in all, while Pi had a sustained and prolonged struggle with the tiger and starvation, Odysseus’s road of trials is more  varied and exciting to watch. Both heros did, however, get a rest near the end. When a hero is close to being home, though grateful for being alive, their return usually contains one final task that he/she needs to complete. Pi crosses the return threshold when he is found on the shore of Mexico and while being helped by the local people, he tinges with the sadness of the loss of his tiger. He states that he is rescued when â€Å"†¦a member of my own species found me† (Martel, 316). Expressing his release from hell, he also says â€Å"I wept like a child† (Martel, 316). So although relieved to be cared for, he is still grieving the loss of his family and Richard Parker. For Odysseus’ crossing of the threshold it occurs when he arrives home by boat, happily, with Athena changing his appearance to help him. He is seen happy when reunited with his old friend (the goatkeeper) and his son Telemachus. However he finds out he has one more obstacle to face in order to achieve happiness. Though he is cheerful to be home, his happiness is a bit diminished when wondering if his wife had kept their promise. He becomes quite angry angry and fired up with what he sees back in the village, certainly not the peaceful reunion he had hoped for with his wife. There is not much similarity between their crossing of the return threshold except that they both return on land, but Pi is very ill and fatigued while Odysseus seem not. Nonetheless Odysseus still has his famil y, while Pi’s is certainly dead. Also Odysseus has another challenge to face at home while Pi has no physical challenge but must now rebuild his entire life from scratch. After being saved, Pi’s last small obstacle is in the hospital when interrogated by investigators from the sunken ship. As Pi  describes his story, they challenges his tale by saying â€Å"Mr. Patel, we don’t believe in your story† (Martel, 324). They also says â€Å"It doesn’t hold up† (Martel, 324). Finally Pi says, â€Å"I know what you want. You want a story that won’t surprise you† (Martel, 336). Because his adventure is so bizarre, these men did not really accept it. But since he had very vivid imagination, he makes up a completely new version of the journey to say to them and makes everyone satisfied. Back to Odysseus, when he arrives back at his homeland Ithika, he finds one more task which he directly confronts in disguise. When he reaches back to his village, there is many men causing chaos fighting to win over his wife. There is a contest to determine the future husband and he  joins to end the madness. Odysseus has to engage in yet another battle, first by completing the contest by stringing his bow and shoots an arrow with it into the twelve lined up rings perfectly. Then he transforms back into his normal self and kills all the suitors, ending the drama. Compareing both of their magic flight, it is a much tougher task for Odysseus as it is Physically more demanding. Pi’s last challenge is minor and it causes us to wonder the validity of his entire journey. However he is still quite physically and mentally drained. Therefore, while Odysseus showed his physical ability once again Pi is obviously suffering in a more profound way filled with grief and future uncertainty. These two characters both showed strong characteristics to complete their journeys, and while they shared similar stages there is more sympathy towards Pi due to his loss of innocence. By examining the Separation, Initiation, and Departures, they all include important stages for the hero to move on. The general process seems to be that the hero leaves his home to a new unfamiliar place, gains experience / skill, and returns home with boon or new knowledge. With these said, though Pi and Odysseus’ adventures shared similar plots, it is important to note that Pi is a single person surviving on the raft, with no other companions other than the Royal Bengal tiger. On the other hand Odysseus has his crew throughout some of his  journey. It can be argued that Pi had a tougher time at the sea, but to be fair Pi is only 16, whereas Odysseus is an adult stranded out wild for many years. His exploits were exciting and entertaining but his personality had no depth. Pi is much more vuln erable and he elicits our pity. Because he is so clever, poetic and even humorous at time, he is more appealing to us throughout the extraordinary challenges.